All articles starting with P
28,818 articles
Pretender
Pretender: a claimant to an abolished or occupied throne, from French prétendre, to claim. Covers royal impostors like Perkin Warbeck, Russian samozvanchestvo, and current heirs such as Georg Friedrich of Prussia and Leka II of Albania.
Pretenders (album)
Pretenders (1980) is the self-titled debut album by the Pretenders, produced by Chris Thomas, featuring Brass in Pocket, Kid, and Precious; it reached number one on the UK Albums Chart.
Preterism
Preterism is a school of Christian prophetic interpretation holding that most end-times prophecies were fulfilled in the past, chiefly in the Roman destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70.
Preterite
The preterite (preterit) is the simple past tense, unmarked for aspect or modality, formed in English by inflection (jumped, swam). It contrasts with the present perfect in English and with the imperfect in Spanish, German, and Dutch.
Preterm birth
Preterm birth, also called premature birth, is birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation; 13.4 million cases in 2020, leading cause of death in children under 5, with categories extremely, very, and moderate to late preterm.
Preterm newborn
Preterm newborn: a baby born alive before 37 completed weeks (259 days) of gestation; ICD-11 code KA21.4. 13.4 million preterm births in 2020; leading cause of under-5 death, with survival strongly tied to income setting.
Preterm premature rupture of membranes
Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM, P-PROM): rupture of the amniotic sac before labor and before 37 weeks; up to 3% of pregnancies, 30-40% of preterm births; managed with erythromycin, corticosteroids, and expectant management to 37 weeks.
Pretest–posttest design
A pretest–posttest design is a study design measuring the same experimental unit before and after an intervention, ranging from a single untreated group to randomized controlled trials.
Pretext task
A pretext task, also called a surrogate or proxy task, is an artificial training task solved not for its own sake but to learn representations that transfer to downstream tasks.
Pretham (പ്രേതം)
Pretham (പ്രേതം, "Ghost") is a 2016 Malayalam horror-comedy directed by Ranjith Sankar, starring Jayasurya as mentalist John Don Bosco investigating a haunted coastal resort; it grossed ₹12.45 crore in Kerala and spawned Pretham 2 (2018).
Prethermalization
Prethermalization is the relaxation of a many-body system toward a long-lived, thermal-like intermediate state that precedes slower full thermalization; the term was coined in 2004 for heavy-ion collisions.
Pretibial myxoedema
Pretibial myxoedema (thyroid dermopathy, localized myxoedema) is a rare Graves' disease skin manifestation with hyaluronic acid buildup on the shins, treated first with corticosteroids, emerging teprotumumab.
Pretilachlor
Pretilachlor (CAS 81690-06-4), a chloroacetamide HRAC Group 15 pre-emergence rice herbicide inhibiting very-long-chain fatty acid synthesis, used against grasses, sedges, and broadleaf weeds, often with safeners like fenclorim.
Pretomanid
Pretomanid (PA-824, EU name Dovprela) is an oral nitroimidazooxazine prodrug antibiotic for drug-resistant tuberculosis, used only in BPaL/BPaLM regimens; FDA-approved August 14, 2019, developed by TB Alliance.
Pretoria
Pretoria (Tshwane), administrative capital of South Africa in northern Gauteng, founded 1855 by Marthinus Wessels Pretorius and named after Andries Pretorius; former ZAR capital, site of the 1902 Peace of Vereeniging.
Pretoria Agreement
The Pretoria Agreement, also known as the Cessation of Hostilities Agreement, is a peace deal signed in Pretoria, South Africa, on 2 November 2022, ending the two-year Tigray war.
Pretoria Convention
The Pretoria Convention was the peace treaty signed in Pretoria on 3 August 1881 that ended the First Boer War and restored self-government to the Transvaal.
Pretribulation rapture
The pretribulation rapture is a Christian eschatological teaching, popularized in American Protestantism, that Jesus will remove all believers before a seven-year tribulation, then return to reign a thousand years.
Prettier
Prettier is an opinionated code formatter for the web ecosystem that parses code and reprints it in a consistent style, supporting JavaScript, TypeScript, CSS, HTML, and more.
Prettifun
Prettifun (Michael-Raymond Javier "Mikey" Taylor, born 2005, Charlotte, North Carolina) is an American underground rapper and producer of rage, trap, and digicore, known for Pretti, FunHouse, FunHouse Deluxe, and Pretti Loves U 2.
Pretty Babies
Pretty Babies (2026) is Tyler-Marie Evans' debut drama, premiering at EIFF, starring Emily Alyn Lind, Sadie Stanley, Madelaine Petsch, and Ashley Benson; two Texas teens chasing Hollywood stardom fall into sex work.
Pretty Baby (1978 film)
Pretty Baby is Louis Malle's 1978 Paramount drama set in 1917 Storyville, New Orleans, starring 12-year-old Brooke Shields as child prostitute Violet, with Susan Sarandon and Keith Carradine; controversial, Cannes Technical Grand Prize winner, Malle's American debut.
Pretty Boy Floyd
Pretty Boy Floyd, Charles Arthur Floyd (1904–1934), Depression-era American bank robber and Public Enemy No. 1; FBI-named gunman of the 1933 Kansas City Massacre, killed October 22, 1934 near East Liverpool, Ohio; distinct from the glam metal band and boxer nicknames.
Pretty Cure (プリキュア)
Pretty Cure (プリキュア, PreCure) is Toei Animation's magical girl franchise since Futari wa Pretty Cure, first aired February 1, 2004 on ABC/TV Asahi, with girls transforming into warrior heroines, over 20 TV series, 31 films, and 10-billion-yen toy sales.
Pretty Cure films
Pretty Cure films (プリキュア映画) are the theatrical movies of Toei Animation's magical girl franchise, 31 released by 2023. They include annual series tie-ins, the all-cast Precure All Stars crossovers from DX (2009) to All Stars F (2023), Miracle Lights audience giveaways, and anniversary films.
Pretty Dirty Secrets
Pretty Dirty Secrets is an eight-episode 2012 ABC Family web series spin-off of Pretty Little Liars, set in the Rosewood Halloween store between "The Lady Killer" and "This Is A Dark Ride", introducing Shana.
Pretty Girl (Clairo song)
"Pretty Girl" is a 2017 lo-fi synth-pop song by Clairo (Claire Cottrill), recorded in GarageBand, released August 4, 2017, and made viral by a 30-minute webcam video, launching her career and the bedroom pop scene.
Pretty Girls Make Graves
Pretty Girls Make Graves was an indie punk and post-hardcore band formed in Seattle in 2001, fronted by Andrea Zollo, best known for the albums Good Health (2002) and The New Romance (2003).
Pretty Good Privacy
Pretty Good Privacy (PGP), also known as PGP encryption, is a program created by Phil Zimmermann in 1991 to protect email privacy, one of the first popular public-key cryptography implementations.
Pretty Hate Machine
Pretty Hate Machine is Nine Inch Nails' debut studio album, released by TVT Records on October 20, 1989. A synth-pop-leaning industrial record by Trent Reznor, it spawned 'Head Like a Hole' and sold over three million copies.