All articles starting with P
28,818 articles
Prignitz
Prignitz: historical landscape and district in northwestern Brandenburg, Germany, between Berlin and Hamburg. Name first recorded 1349; eleven medieval terrae; Seddin royal grave; stork-richest district in Germany; district formed 1993.
Priit Kasesalu
Priit Kasesalu is an Estonian software engineer who co-developed the Kazaa file-sharing program and co-founded Skype, where he built the engineering organization until eBay bought the company in 2005.
Prijs der Nederlandse Letteren
The Prijs der Nederlandse Letteren, or Prize of Dutch Letters, is a triennial lifetime-achievement award of €60,000, considered the most important literary prize of the Dutch-language area.
Prikaz Bolshoi Kazny
The Prikaz Bolshoi Kazny (Приказ Большой казны), or Chancellery of the Great Treasury, was a central financial department of Russia, formed in 1621/22 and abolished in 1718, which directed coinage, state industry, and trade.
Prikaz of Public Charity
The Prikaz of Public Charity (Приказ общественного призрения) was a provincial board of the Russian Empire, created by Catherine II in 1775 to run schools, hospitals, and orphanages.
Prikaz of Secret Affairs
The Prikaz of Secret Affairs (Приказ тайных дел), also called the Secret Prikaz, was a Russian chancellery created by Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in 1654 and abolished at his death in 1676.
Prikazy
The prikazy (Приказы) were the central administrative and judicial organs of the Muscovite state from the 16th to the early 18th century, the country's first proper state institutions.
Prilocaine
Prilocaine is an amide-type local anesthetic used for infiltration, topical, epidural, and dental anesthesia, introduced clinically in 1960 and best known in the EMLA lidocaine combination.
Prilozi
Prilozi (Прилози, Contributions), ISSN 1857-9345, is the open-access medical journal of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Section of Medical Sciences, Skopje. Founded 1969, English-language, PubMed/MEDLINE-indexed since 2004, three issues yearly, distinct from other journals named Prilozi.
Prim's algorithm
Prim's algorithm, also known as the Jarník algorithm, is a greedy algorithm that computes a minimum spanning tree by growing a tree from a starting vertex.
Prima donna
Prima donna, Italian for "first lady", is the chief female singer in an opera company; also called prime donne assolute. Known for its 1782 English adoption, 1815–1930 stage dominance after the castrati, and by-1834 shift to a pejorative meaning a temperamental person.
Prima facie
Prima facie (Latin, "at first sight"): evidence or a claim sufficient on its face unless rebutted. Establishes a rebuttable presumption, shifts the burden of proof, and anchors the McDonnell Douglas framework in US discrimination law.
Prima Porta
Prima Porta, a northern suburb of Rome on the Via Flaminia, is named for a Roman brick arch and known for the Villa of Livia (ad Gallinas Albas), where the Augustus of Prima Porta statue and the famous garden frescoes were found in 1863.
Primal (2019 film)
Primal (2019 film): Nicolas Cage action thriller directed by Nick Powell; hunter Frank Walsh battles an escaped assassin and freed animals, including a white jaguar, aboard a freighter; Lionsgate, 97 minutes, R.
Primal (TV series)
Primal, broadcast as Genndy Tartakovsky's Primal, is an American adult animated series created by Genndy Tartakovsky for Adult Swim, premiering in 2019 and running for three seasons.
Primal Fear (film)
Primal Fear is a 1996 Paramount legal thriller directed by Gregory Hoblit, based on William Diehl's novel, starring Richard Gere, Laura Linney, and Edward Norton, whose debut as Aaron Stampler earned an Oscar nomination.
Primal Rage
Primal Rage: 1994 Atari Games arcade 2D fighting game (published under Time Warner Interactive) with seven stop-motion-animated dinosaurs and apes, cavemen-eating health recovery, wide home ports, and the 1996 Chaos fatality controversy.
Primal Scream
Primal Scream, Glasgow rock band fronted by Bobby Gillespie; Screamadelica (1991) won the inaugural Mercury Music Prize, followed by genre-shifting albums from XTRMNTR to Come Ahead (2024).
Primal therapy
Primal therapy, also known as primal scream therapy, is a psychotherapy developed by American psychologist Arthur Janov, who introduced it in 1970 with his book The Primal Scream.
Primality test
A primality test (prime testing) is an algorithm deciding whether an integer is prime or composite; Miller–Rabin is the practical workhorse, and AKS proved in 2002 a deterministic polynomial-time test exists.
Primaquine
Primaquine is an 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial drug, synthesized in 1945, that kills dormant liver-stage parasites to prevent relapses of vivax and ovale malaria, though it can cause hemolysis in people with G6PD deficiency.
Primark
Primark (trading as Penneys in Ireland) is an Irish-founded international value clothing retailer, part of Associated British Foods, founded by Arthur Ryan in Dublin in 1969, with 500+ stores across 20 countries, a store-led low-price model, and a planned 2027 demerger from ABF.
Primary
Primary (1960) is Robert Drew's landmark direct-cinema documentary following John F. Kennedy and Hubert Humphrey through the Wisconsin Democratic primary, pioneering hand-held sync-sound filming; National Film Registry 1990.
Primary acquired pure red cell aplasia
Primary acquired pure red cell aplasia (primary acquired PRCA, primary idiopathic PRCA) is a rare autoimmune bone marrow failure causing isolated loss of red cell production; cyclosporine A outperforms corticosteroids, with relapse common after stopping maintenance.
Primary aldosteronism
Primary aldosteronism (Conn syndrome): autonomous adrenal aldosterone excess causing secondary hypertension, 5-10% of hypertensives, 20% of resistant cases; screened by aldosterone-to-renin ratio, treated with adrenalectomy or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists.
Primary amenorrhoea
Primary amenorrhoea (primary amenorrhea) is the lifelong absence of menstruation, evaluated by age 15 or 3 years after breast development. Causes span ovarian, outflow tract, hypothalamic, and pituitary disorders; workup starts with pregnancy test and hormone panel.
Primary anal syphilis
Primary anal syphilis (ICD-11 1A61.1, anal syphilitic chancre) is early Treponema pallidum infection forming a chancre in the anal canal after anoreceptive contact; often atypical, misdiagnosed, treated with benzathine penicillin G.
Primary and secondary legislation
Primary and secondary legislation in the UK: Acts of Parliament versus delegated or subordinate law such as statutory instruments, about 3,500 made yearly, scrutinized by negative or affirmative procedure.
Primary anetoderma
Primary anetoderma, also called primary macular atrophy, is a rare skin disorder in which loss of elastic tissue causes patches of slack, sagging skin with no identifiable cause.
Primary angiitis of the central nervous system
Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a rare inflammatory disease in which vasculitis is confined to the arteries of the brain and spinal cord.