All articles starting with P
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Prokuratura of the USSR
The Prokuratura of the USSR (Прокуратура СССР) was the Soviet Union's unified all-union prosecutorial service, established in Moscow on 20 June 1933 to strengthen socialist legality and protect public property.
Prola II
Prola II, also called Prolarasa (ప్రోల రెండో), was a Kakatiya chief who ruled from Anumakonda from 1116 to 1157 as a feudatory of the Western Chalukyas, and is treated as the founder of the family's fortunes.
Prolactin
Prolactin (PRL), a 23 kDa polypeptide hormone from anterior pituitary lactotrophs, drives lactation and over 300 other actions; tonically inhibited by hypothalamic dopamine via D2 receptors; excess causes hyperprolactinemia, treated with dopamine agonists.
Prolactin-releasing peptide
Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP), PrRP-20/PrRP-31, is an RFamide neuropeptide isolated in 1998 from bovine hypothalamus as the ligand of GPR10; despite its name it mainly regulates food intake, energy expenditure, and stress responses in mammals.
Prolactinoma
Prolactinoma, a prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma (lactotroph tumor), causes hyperprolactinemia with galactorrhea, amenorrhea, and infertility; treated first-line with dopamine agonists cabergoline or bromocriptine.
Prolagus
Prolagus, Mediterranean giant pikas, an extinct pika-like lagomorph genus spanning over 20 million years in Europe, Anatolia, and North Africa; its last species, the Sardinian pika P. sardus, survived on Corsica and Sardinia into the 1700s.
Prolapse of the vaginal apex
Prolapse of the vaginal apex is the descent of the uppermost vagina, either the uterus or the vault after hysterectomy, and is a common complication of hysterectomy.
Prolapsed urethral mucosa
Prolapsed urethral mucosa, or urethral prolapse, is circumferential eversion of distal urethral mucosa through the meatus, affecting prepubertal girls and postmenopausal women; treated conservatively or by excision.
Prolaya Vema Reddi
Prolaya Vema Reddi (ప్రోలయ వేమ రెడ్డి) was a king of the Reddi dynasty who ruled coastal Andhra from Addanki from 1325 to 1353, restoring temples and gifting agraharas.
Proleptic Gregorian calendar
The proleptic Gregorian calendar is the Gregorian calendar extended backward before its 1582 introduction, applying today's leap-year rules to dates as if it had always existed.
Proletarian literature
Proletarian literature is writing by, about, and primarily for working-class people, with anti-capitalist themes. It emerged after the 1917 Russian Revolution and peaked in Depression-era America.
Proletariat
The proletariat, or proletarians, is the Marxist term for the class of wage laborers who own no means of production and must sell their labor to live.
Proletkult
Proletkult (Пролеткульт) was a Russian mass movement of working-class cultural self-activity, founded in 1917 and liquidated in 1932, that sought to create a distinct proletarian culture.
Prolidase deficiency
Prolidase deficiency (hyperimidodipeptiduria, OMIM 170100): autosomal recessive PEPD gene disorder causing chronic leg ulcers, recurrent infections, facial dysmorphism, intellectual disability, and splenomegaly; prevalence about 1 in 1,235,000.
Proliferating trichilemmal cyst
Proliferating trichilemmal cyst, also called proliferating pilar tumor or pilar tumor of the scalp, is a rare usually benign hair follicle tumor of the scalp in women over 50, marked by trichilemmal keratinization and mimicry of squamous cell carcinoma.
Proliferation assay
A proliferation assay is a laboratory method that measures how fast cells divide in culture, using DNA synthesis markers, metabolic dyes, dye dilution, or direct cell counting.
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), also called retinitis proliferans, is the advanced neovascular stage of diabetic retinopathy and a leading cause of working-age blindness; treated with panretinal photocoagulation, anti-VEGF injections, or vitrectomy.
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), also called massive periretinal proliferation, is a fibroproliferative complication of retinal detachment in which contractile membranes cause tractional redetachment; it affects 5–10% of RRD cases and has no approved drug therapy.
Prolific (participant recruitment platform)
Prolific is an online platform founded in 2014 that connects academic researchers, AI developers, and product teams with a vetted pool of paid participants for surveys, experiments, and AI training data.
Proline
Proline (Pro) is the only proteinogenic secondary amino acid, with a pyrrolidine ring bonded to its backbone nitrogen; it stabilizes collagen's triple helix and runs a redox-linked P5C metabolic cycle.
Proline catabolism
Proline catabolism, also called the PRODH/ALDH4A1 pathway, is the mitochondrial two-step oxidation of L-proline to glutamate via P5C and glutamate-γ-semialdehyde, feeding electrons to the respiratory chain; defects cause hyperprolinemia types I and II.
Proline iminopeptidase
Proline iminopeptidase (prolyl aminopeptidase, PAP, PIP, EC 3.4.11.5) is a serine exopeptidase of peptidase family S33 that removes N-terminal proline from peptides; found in bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals, and used in cheese debittering.
Proline oxidase family
Proline oxidase family (IPR015659), also called proline dehydrogenase (PRODH/POX): FAD-dependent mitochondrial inner-membrane enzymes in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes that oxidize L-proline to pyrroline-5-carboxylate, feed electrons to ubiquinone, generate ROS signaling, act as a p53-induced tumor suppressor, and cause hyperprolinemia type I when deficient.
Proline utilization A proline dehydrogenase N-terminal domain
IPR041349 (Pfam PF18327, PRODH) is the N-terminal proline dehydrogenase domain of bacterial PutA flavoproteins, catalyzing FAD-dependent 2-electron oxidation of proline to P5C.
Proline-rich acidic protein 1
PRAP1 (proline-rich acidic protein 1, UPA, PRO1195), gene ID 118471 at 10q26.3, encodes a secreted 151-aa lipid-binding protein that facilitates MTTP-mediated triglyceride transport, is induced by p53 after DNA damage, and suppresses the MAD1 mitotic checkpoint in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 protein
PRAS40 (AKT1S1, Lobe), human 256-aa cytosolic protein at 19q13.33; AKT substrate that inhibits mTORC1 via TOS-motif raptor binding, relieved by Thr246 phosphorylation.
Proline-rich protein
Proline-rich proteins (PRPs) are proteins unusually high in proline, including salivary PRPs (up to 40% proline, ~70% of human saliva protein) that bind tannins and calcium, and proline-rich motifs recognized by SH3-type signaling domains.
Prolog
Prolog is a logic programming language created around 1972 at the University of Marseille by Alain Colmerauer and Philippe Roussel, in which programs run by proving goals through backtracking.
Prolog epilog optimization
Prolog epilog optimization is a family of compiler techniques, most prominently shrink-wrapping, that reduce or relocate the prologue and epilogue code a function executes at entry and exit.
Prologis
Prologis, Inc. is an American real estate investment trust and the global leader in logistics real estate, owning about 1.3 billion square feet of warehouses in 20 countries.