All articles starting with P

Promised Land (2012 film)

Promised Land (2012) is a Gus Van Sant drama written by and starring Matt Damon and John Krasinski, from a Dave Eggers story, about gas-company landmen seeking fracking drilling rights in the fictional town of McKinley, Pennsylvania; Focus Features released it December 28, 2012.

Promises, Promises (musical)

Promises, Promises is a 1968 Broadway musical with music by Burt Bacharach, lyrics by Hal David, and book by Neil Simon, adapted from Billy Wilder's film The Apartment; it ran 1,281 performances and was revived on Broadway in 2010 with Sean Hayes and Kristin Chenoweth.

Promising Young Woman

Promising Young Woman (2020) is Emerald Fennell's Oscar-winning directorial debut, a black comedy thriller starring Carey Mulligan as Cassie, a med-school dropout avenging her friend's rape; released by Focus Features, it won Best Original Screenplay.

Oct 20, 2026

PROMISSE study

PROMISSE (Predictors of pRegnancy Outcome: bioMarkers In antiphospholipid antibody Syndrome and Systemic lupus Erythematosus, NCT00198068) is an NIH-funded multicenter prospective cohort led by Jane E. Salmon studying pregnancy outcomes in SLE and antiphospholipid antibody patients; it identified lupus anticoagulant and early complement activation as predictors of adverse outcomes.

Promissory note

A promissory note, also called a note payable, is a written promise by one party to pay another a sum of money, usually with interest.

Promobot

Promobot (ООО «Промобот») is a Russian service-robotics manufacturer based in Perm, founded in 2015, whose Promobot V.4 robots work in banks, museums, and airports worldwide.

Promod Haque

Promod Haque is a venture capitalist who joined Norwest Venture Partners in 1990, led its expansion into Israel and India, and was ranked #1 on Forbes's 2004 Midas List.

ProModel

ProModel is a discrete-event simulation software product used to model and improve manufacturing, logistics, healthcare, and defense systems, created in Orem, Utah, in 1988 by Dr. Charles Harrell.

Promonocyte

Promonocyte: an immature monocytic cell between monoblast and monocyte in the bone marrow, with a folded cerebriform nucleus and fine chromatin; a blast equivalent counted as blasts in acute monocytic leukemia diagnosis.

Promontorium Laplace

Promontorium Laplace is a cape on the Moon, the northeastern end of the Montes Jura at the edge of Sinus Iridum, named for Pierre-Simon Laplace.

PROMOTE-PIs trial

PROMOTE-PIs (NCT00993031) was a phase 3 open-label randomized trial in Tororo, Uganda, testing lopinavir/ritonavir versus efavirenz-based ART in 389 HIV-infected pregnant women; it found no reduction in placental malaria or adverse birth outcomes.

Promoter (genetics)

Promoter (genetics): DNA sequence where RNA polymerase and transcription factors bind to initiate transcription. Bacterial -10/-35 elements; eukaryotic core promoter with TATA box, Inr, DPE, BRE; distinct from enhancers.

Promoter escape and early transcriptional pausing

Promoter escape is the step in which RNA polymerase II leaves the promoter and its general transcription factors, followed by an early pausing stop before productive elongation.

Sep 29, 2026

Promoting Resilience in Stress Management

Promoting Resilience in Stress Management (PRISM) is a brief behavioral intervention that teaches stress management and resilience skills to adolescents and young adults with serious illness.

Promotion (chess)

Promotion (chess): the compulsory exchange of a pawn reaching the last rank for a queen, rook, bishop, or knight of the same color (FIDE Law 3.7.3.3). Non-queen promotion is underpromotion, used for stalemate avoidance, mates, tempo, or knight forks.

Promotion (marketing)

Promotion, or marketing promotion, is the element of the marketing mix that combines advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, public relations, direct marketing, and digital marketing, coordinated as integrated marketing communications.

Promotion and relegation

Promotion and relegation: open-league system moving teams between divisions by results, introduced by the English Football League in 1893; contrasted with closed North American franchise leagues and applied in IIHF World Championships.

Promotion of anorexia

Promotion of anorexia, commonly called pro-ana, is the advocacy and glorification of anorexia nervosa through online communities presenting it as a lifestyle choice rather than an illness.

Promotional mix

The promotional mix, also called the communications mix, is the combination of marketing tools a company uses, including advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, and public relations.

Promotoer trial

Promotoer trial (NCT04353297): randomized, assessor-blinded, single-center superiority RCT at Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, testing EEG-BCI-assisted hand motor imagery training versus MI alone in 49 subacute stroke patients, primary outcome UE-FMA.

Prompt engineering

Prompt engineering is the practice of crafting and optimizing the prompts given to large language models, choosing wording, formatting, and examples so the model produces useful output.

Prompt injection

Prompt injection is an attack on large language model systems in which crafted input overrides the model's intended instructions, ranked first in OWASP's 2025 LLM Top 10.

Prompt injection defenses and spotlighting

Prompt injection defenses stop untrusted text in an LLM's inputs, such as retrieved web pages, from being executed as instructions; spotlighting is a Microsoft prompt-engineering defense.

Prompt tuning

Prompt tuning is a parameter-efficient fine-tuning method, introduced at Google in 2021, that learns a trainable soft prompt prepended to a frozen pre-trained language model.

Prompt-gamma neutron activation analysis

Prompt-gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA, also written PGAA) is a non-destructive technique that identifies and quantifies elements in a sample from gamma rays emitted as nuclei capture neutrons.

Prompt-to-Prompt

Prompt-to-Prompt (P2P) is a 2022 image editing framework for diffusion models, introduced at ICLR 2023, that edits images by changing only the text prompt while preserving the original layout via cross-attention maps.

Promptfoo

Promptfoo is an open-source command-line tool and library for testing large language model applications, such as agents and retrieval-augmented generation systems, and red-teaming them for security vulnerabilities.

Promulgation

Promulgation is the formal declaration and official publication of an enacted law or regulation, typically by the head of state in an official gazette, by which it becomes publicly known and legally effective, with entry into force rules varying by jurisdiction.

Sep 24, 2026

Promulgation of Hangul

The promulgation of Hangul (훈민정음 반포) was the 1446 public release of Hunminjeongeum, the Korean alphabet of 28 letters created by King Sejong in 1443.