All articles starting with P
28,818 articles
Propisochlor
Propisochlor (Chinese 异丙草胺), a chloroacetanilide pre-emergence herbicide and metolachlor isomer sold as Proponit 720 EC, controls grass weeds in maize, soybean, and cereals; the EU withdrew approval in 2011 over metabolite and groundwater concerns.
Propithecus verreauxi
Propithecus verreauxi, Verreaux's sifaka, is a white-furred, black-faced diurnal lemur of western and southwestern Madagascar, a vertical-clinging leaper that hops bipedally on the ground; IUCN Critically Endangered since 2020.
Propitious Mango ice cream
Propitious Mango ice cream (Hong Qi Propitious) is a Chinese mango-shaped frozen dessert with a white chocolate shell and creamy mango filling that went viral on TikTok, sold in Asian supermarkets and later H-E-B.
Propiverine
Propiverine (Mictonorm, Mictoryl) is an antimuscarinic and calcium-antagonistic detrusor relaxant for overactive bladder, neurogenic detrusor overactivity, and male storage LUTS, dosed 15 mg IR twice daily or 30–45 mg ER once daily.
Propliner
A propliner is a large propeller-driven airliner, usually a piston-powered one from before the jet age; the best known is the Douglas DC-3, first flown in 1935.
Propofol
Propofol, also known as Diprivan and the milk of amnesia, is a short-acting intravenous anesthetic used for general anesthesia and intensive care sedation since 1986.
Propofol infusion syndrome
Propofol infusion syndrome (PRIS), a rare potentially fatal complication of high-dose (>5 mg/kg/h) or prolonged (>48 h) propofol sedation, marked by metabolic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis, ECG changes, and mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation failure.
Propolis
Propolis (bee glue): resinous hive product made by honeybees from plant resins, wax, and salivary enzymes; over 800 compounds, multiple chemotypes; studied for anti-inflammatory effects and challenged by adulteration and lack of unified standards.
Proportional approval voting
Proportional approval voting (PAV), Thiele's 1895 harmonic-score multi-winner approval method; its sequential variant SPAV. PAV maximizes harmonic voter satisfaction, is NP-hard, satisfies EJR, but is manipulable.
Proportional control
Proportional control is a feedback method that adjusts a system's input in proportion to the error between setpoint and measured output, forming the core of PID control.
Proportional counter
A proportional counter is a gas-filled radiation detector operated at a voltage where gas amplification keeps the collected charge proportional to the energy deposited by radiation.
Proportional hazards model
The proportional hazards model, usually called Cox regression or the Cox model, is a statistical regression model for time-to-event data proposed by David Cox in 1972.
Proportional meta-analysis
Proportional meta-analysis is a biostatistical evidence-synthesis method that pools a single proportion, such as disease prevalence or adverse event rates, from the proportions reported by multiple studies.
Proportional navigation
Proportional navigation (PN) is a guidance law commanding missile acceleration proportional to the line-of-sight rotation rate, the dominant terminal guidance for homing missiles since the 1950s.
Proportional representation
Proportional representation is a family of electoral systems that makes each party's seat share roughly match its vote share; about 118 countries use it, more than any other family.
Proportional representation
Proportional representation (PR): electoral systems, including list PR, STV, and mixed-member proportional, allocating legislative seats in proportion to vote share. Key features: multi-member districts, thresholds of 3–5%, optimal district magnitude 3–8; first used publicly in 1840.
Proportional representation in the United States
Proportional representation in the United States, chiefly single transferable vote, was used by about two dozen cities including New York, Cleveland, and Cincinnati from 1915; all but Cambridge, Massachusetts repealed it by 1962.
Proportional tax
A proportional tax is a tax whose average rate is the same at every income level, so someone earning twice as much pays exactly twice as much tax.
Proportional valve
A proportional valve is an electro-hydraulic or electro-pneumatic valve whose control element moves continuously in proportion to an electrical input signal, allowing stepless flow and pressure regulation.
Proportional–integral–derivative controller
A proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller, also known as a PID loop, is the most common feedback control algorithm in industry, correcting a process variable from present, past, and anticipated error.
Proportionality (mathematics)
Proportionality is the mathematical relation between two varying quantities whose ratio or product is constant: a fixed ratio gives direct proportion and a fixed product gives inverse proportion.
Proportionate consolidation
Proportionate consolidation is an accounting method that combines a venturer's share of a jointly controlled entity's assets, liabilities, income, and expenses line by line; IFRS 11 abolished it in 2013.
Proposals for a Jewish state
Proposals for a Jewish state: schemes from 1896 to 1948 for a Jewish homeland or state, including Herzl's Der Judenstaat (Palestine or Argentina), the 1903 Uganda offer, territorialism, Birobidzhan, and the Madagascar Plan.
Proposed acquisition of Warner Bros. Discovery by Paramount Skydance
The proposed acquisition of Warner Bros. Discovery by Paramount Skydance was an all-cash takeover, launched as a hostile $30-per-share bid in December 2025 and closed in October 2026.
Proposed French Sixth Republic
Proposed French Sixth Republic (VIe République): a project to replace the 1958 Fifth Republic Constitution with a less presidential regime. Carried by La France Insoumise via a citizens' constituent assembly; first tabled as a 2000 Senate bill; never adopted.
Proposed handover of Bashar al-Assad to Syria
Proposed handover of Bashar al-Assad to Syria: the transitional government's effort, via the 2022 Syria-Russia extradition treaty and Interpol, to return the exiled ex-president from Russia after his December 2024 flight, in absentia death sentence of August 2026, and Russia's refusal so far.
Proposed Israeli annexation of the West Bank
Proposed Israeli annexation of the West Bank: plans to extend Israeli sovereignty over West Bank territory, centered on the 2020 Trump plan's 30% annexation map, the Jordan Valley, and settlements, and later de facto annexation measures.
Proposed Israeli resettlement of the Gaza Strip
Proposed Israeli resettlement of the Gaza Strip: post-2023 plans to rebuild Israeli settlements in Gaza and move Palestinians out via 'voluntary emigration', including Katz's 2025 Rafah 'humanitarian city' plan, opposed by Israeli legal scholars and UN bodies.
Proposed merger between Union Pacific and Norfolk Southern
The proposed merger between Union Pacific and Norfolk Southern is a pending deal, announced in July 2025, that would create the first single-carrier freight railroad spanning the U.S. coasts.
Proposed provinces of Pakistan
Proposed provinces of Pakistan are movements and official proposals to add new provinces beyond the four fixed in 1970, chiefly South Punjab or Bahawalpur, Saraikistan, and Hazara.