All articles starting with P
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Pseudogap
A pseudogap is a partial suppression of the electronic density of states at the Fermi level, distinct from a true gap, coined by Nevill Mott in 1968.
Pseudogenes
Pseudogenes are disabled, gene-like genomic sequences first named in 1977 from Xenopus laevis 5S DNA. Humans carry roughly 12,000-20,000, in unitary, duplicated, and processed forms; many are transcribed and regulate parent genes.
Pseudogrammoceras
Pseudogrammoceras (Buckman, 1901) is an extinct Toarcian (Early Jurassic) ammonite genus of the family Hildoceratidae, subfamily Grammoceratinae; its species, including P. fallaciosum, define Upper Toarcian ammonite biozones across Europe, North Africa, and Iran.
Pseudohermaphroditism
Pseudohermaphroditism is a retired medical term for having gonads of one sex with genitalia of the other or ambiguous; formerly split into male and female forms, now classified as 46,XY or 46,XX DSD.
Pseudohistory
Pseudohistory, also called pseudo-scholarship or historical denialism, presents fabricated or misinterpreted claims as history. Distinguished from genuine revisionism by epistemic misconduct; includes Holocaust denial, pseudoarchaeology, and state-driven nationalist narratives.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1), a rare hereditary aldosterone-resistance disorder causing neonatal salt wasting, hyponatremia, and hyperkalemia; renal form from NR3C2 mutations, generalized form from ENaC subunit genes.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2, or Gordon syndrome (PHAII, familial hyperkalemic hypertension), is a rare genetic distal-tubulopathy causing hypertension, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis with normal GFR, from WNK1, WNK4, KLHL3, or CUL3 mutations, treated with thiazides.
Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A
Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A (PHP1A, OMIM 103580), Albright hereditary osteodystrophy with hormone resistance: a rare disorder from maternally inherited GNAS mutations causing PTH and TSH resistance, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, brachydactyly, and obesity.
Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1B
Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1B (PHP1B, OMIM 603233), a rare GNAS imprinting disorder with isolated renal PTH resistance causing hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, elevated PTH, mild TSH resistance, no AHO features, treated with calcitriol and calcium.
Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1C
Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1C (PHP1C, PHP-Ic, OMIM 612462), a rare autosomal dominant GNAS disorder with PTH resistance, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and Albright hereditary osteodystrophy but normal Gsα activity in vitro; now grouped as iPPSD2.
Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 2
Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 2 (PHP2, PHP II, ORPHA:94090) is a rare PTH-resistance disorder with hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, elevated PTH, no Albright hereditary osteodystrophy, normal urinary cAMP response, and deficient phosphaturia.
Pseudois
Pseudois is a genus of caprin bovids containing the blue sheep, or bharal, a medium-sized ungulate of the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau that is intermediate between sheep and goats.
Pseudois nayaur
Pseudois nayaur, the blue sheep or bharal, a goat-like caprid of the Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau, main snow leopard prey; IUCN Least Concern, 47,000-414,000 mature individuals, 2,500-5,500 m elevation.
Pseudokinase
Pseudokinase: a protein kinase-like domain lacking a conserved catalytic residue (VAIK Lys, HRD Asp, or DFG Asp), about 10% of the human kinome, signaling by scaffolding and allostery rather than phosphotransfer; drug targets via TYK2, HER3, JAK2.
Pseudolarix (金钱松属)
Pseudolarix (金钱松属), golden larch, is a monotypic Pinaceae genus whose sole species Pseudolarix amabilis is a Vulnerable deciduous conifer from eastern China, unrelated to true larches, with gold autumn foliage and shattering cones.
Pseudolarix wehrii
Pseudolarix wehrii (Gooch, 1992) is an extinct Eocene golden larch (Pinaceae) from Washington and Arctic Canada, a long-bracted fossil species distinguished from living Pseudolarix amabilis by bracts over half the cone-scale length.
Pseudomagnetic fields for phonons
Pseudomagnetic fields for phonons are artificial gauge fields making phonons behave as charged particles in a magnetic field, though phonons carry no charge, inspired by strained graphene.
Pseudomagnetic fields for photons
Pseudomagnetic fields for photons are strain-engineered gauge fields that make uncharged light in deformed photonic crystals act like charged particles, first realized in strained honeycomb waveguide arrays in 2013.
Pseudomathematics
Pseudomathematics, also called mathematical crankery or pseudo-maths, is purported mathematical work that fails accepted standards of logic and rigor, typically by amateurs targeting proved-impossible problems like squaring the circle.
Pseudometric space
A pseudometric space is a set with a distance function satisfying the metric axioms except that distinct points may lie at distance zero, as with functions equal almost everywhere.
Pseudomonadaceae
Pseudomonadaceae (Winslow et al. 1917) is a family of Gammaproteobacteria in the order Pseudomonadales, type genus Pseudomonas; Gram-negative aerobic rods including Azotobacter, with Pseudomonas holding over 300 species.
Pseudomonadota
Pseudomonadota, long known as Proteobacteria, is a highly diverse phylum of Gram-negative bacteria that was renamed in 2021 after its type genus Pseudomonas, spanning soil and water dwellers, plant symbionts, and pathogens.
Pseudomonarchia Daemonum
Pseudomonarchia Daemonum (False Monarchy of Demons) is a 1577 catalog of 69 demons by Dutch physician Johann Weyer, printed as an appendix and ancestor of the Ars Goetia.
Pseudomonas
Pseudomonas: genus of Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming rods with polar flagella, described 1894, type species P. aeruginosa; ubiquitous, metabolically versatile bacteria spanning pathogens, biocontrol agents, and bioremediation strains.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative opportunistic bacterium of soil and water, causes hospital-acquired pneumonia, bloodstream, and cystic fibrosis infections, marked by biofilms, efflux-pump and beta-lactamase resistance, and WHO priority-pathogen status.
Pseudomonas chlororaphis
Pseudomonas chlororaphis, a non-pathogenic rhizosphere bacterium of the P. fluorescens complex, produces phenazines, pyrrolnitrin, and HCN to suppress fungal pathogens and nematodes; strains MA342, O6, TX-1, and 63-28 are commercial biopesticides.
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Pseudomonas fluorescens (Migula 1895), a Gram-negative, aerobic, fluorescent siderophore-producing soil and rhizosphere bacterium; head of a 50-plus-species complex used in biocontrol, rarely pathogenic in humans.
Pseudomonas putida
Pseudomonas putida is a Gram-negative, aerobic soil and water bacterium and rare opportunistic pathogen. Its TOL plasmid pWW0 enables toluene degradation, and strain KT2440 is a leading synthetic biology chassis.
Pseudomonas stutzeri
Pseudomonas stutzeri (now Stutzerimonas stutzeri) is a nonfluorescent, denitrifying gram-negative bacterium described in 1895, split into many genomovars, a model for denitrification, and an occasional opportunistic pathogen.
Pseudomonas syringae
Pseudomonas syringae, a Gram-negative plant pathogen of the phyllosphere first named by van Hall in 1902, is a species complex of over 60 pathovars and 13 phylogroups using type III effectors and ice nucleation.