All articles starting with P
28,818 articles
Psychonaut 4
Psychonaut 4 is a Georgian depressive black metal band formed in Tbilisi in 2010, blending black metal with rock and post-punk, known for drug-themed lyrics, the Lifelover influence, and albums like Have a Nice Trip and ...Of Mourning.
Psychonautics
Psychonautics is the deliberate exploration of the human psyche, especially its altered states, through techniques such as psychedelic substances, meditation, breathwork, sensory deprivation, and lucid dreaming.
Psychonauts
Psychonauts: Double Fine's platformer series starring psychic Razputin Aquato who explores minds; debut game 2005 (Majesco, after Microsoft cancellation), sequel Psychonauts 2 in 2021.
Psychonauts 2
Psychonauts 2 is Double Fine's 2021 platform-adventure game, sequel to Psychonauts, following Raz at Psychonauts HQ; crowdfunded on Fig from 2015, finished after Microsoft's 2019 acquisition, released August 25, 2021 to strong reviews.
Psychonauts in the Rhombus of Ruin
Psychonauts in the Rhombus of Ruin is Double Fine's 2017 VR puzzle-adventure interquel between Psychonauts and Psychonauts 2, following Raz's psychic rescue of Truman Zanotto, released on PSVR and PC VR headsets.
PsychonautWiki
PsychonautWiki (PW) is a volunteer-run, community-driven online encyclopedia of psychonautics founded May 11, 2013 as Encyclopedia Psychonautica, covering psychoactive substances, dosages, subjective effects, and harm reduction, distinct from Erowid's experience-report archive.
Psychoneuroendocrinology
Psychoneuroendocrinology (PNE) is an interdisciplinary field linking psychology, endocrinology, immunology, neurology, and psychiatry, studying hormone-brain-behavior interactions; ISPNE founded 1975 with its journal Psychoneuroendocrinology.
Psychoneuroimmunology
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), also called psycho-neuro-immunology, studies bidirectional interactions among behavior, nervous and endocrine function, and immunity; founded on Ader and Cohen's 1975 conditioned immunosuppression, spanning stress effects on infection to inflammation in depression.
Psychopathic Personality Inventory
The Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI) is a 187-item self-report questionnaire measuring psychopathic personality traits, developed by Scott Lilienfeld and Brian Andrews in 1996 and revised as the PPI-R.
Psychopathic Records
Psychopathic Records, "The Hatchet", is an independent hip hop label founded 1991 in Farmington Hills, Michigan, by Alex Abbiss and Insane Clown Posse; home of Juggalo culture, Dog Beats, and the Gathering of the Juggalos.
Psychopathography of Adolf Hitler
Psychopathography of Adolf Hitler: retrospective psychiatric and psychoanalytic diagnoses of the dictator, from the 1940 Lancet debate and Langer's 1943 OSS profile to Redlich's 1999 medical review, the Pasewalk myth, and 2025 DNA claims.
Psychopathology
Psychopathology is the scientific study of mental disorders, their symptoms, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment, historically organized by DSM and ICD classifications and increasingly studied through dimensional frameworks such as HiTOP and RDoC.
Psychopathy
Psychopathy: personality construct of shallow affect, lack of empathy or remorse, manipulativeness, and antisocial lifestyle; not a DSM/ICD diagnosis (ASPD is closest). Assessed mainly by Hare's PCL-R, a 20-item, 0-40 forensic rating scale with cut-off 30.
Psychopathy Checklist
Psychopathy Checklist (Hare PCL-R) is a 20-item clinician-rated forensic scale scored 0-2 per item from interviews and records, with Factors 1-2, derivatives PCL:SV, PCL:YV, and SRP, published by MHS.
Psychopathy in the workplace
Psychopathy in the workplace, also called corporate psychopathy, is the study of how subclinical psychopathic traits appear among employees and managers, and the harm or advantage they bring.
Psychopharmacology
Psychopharmacology: the study of drugs acting on the brain that influence emotion, thinking, and behavior. Also called psychotropic drug science; began with chlorpromazine in 1950; covers antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, and mood stabilizers.
Psychophysical methods
Psychophysical methods are experimental procedures for measuring perception by presenting controlled stimuli and recording observers' reports, estimating detection thresholds and just-noticeable differences through classical and adaptive trial designs.
Psychophysics
Psychophysics is the quantitative study of how physical stimuli relate to sensation and perception, founded by Gustav Fechner, whose 1860 Elemente der Psychophysik defined the field.
Psychophysiology
Psychophysiology studies the interrelationships between physiological and psychological aspects of brain and behavior, using noninvasive measures like EEG, EMG, and heart rate. Organized around the Society for Psychophysiological Research (1960) and its journal Psychophysiology (1964).
Psychopomp
Psychopomp, from Greek psychopompos ("conductor of souls"), is the comparative term for a being that escorts the newly dead to the afterlife: Hermes in Greece, Anubis in Egypt, Charon the ferryman, the Etruscan Charun, and loosely the Norse Valkyries.
Psychosexual development
Psychosexual development is Freud's 1905 theory from Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality: five stages (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) focused on erogenous zones, with fixation causing adult neurosis; largely unsupported empirically.
Psychosexual disorder
Psychosexual disorder, also called psychosexual dysfunction, is a former DSM-III (1980) psychiatric category covering sexual dysfunctions, paraphilias, and gender identity conditions; ICD-11 (2022) replaced it with the chapter Conditions Related to Sexual Health.
Psychosis
Psychosis is a loss of contact with reality marked by hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking; it occurs in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other conditions, affects 15–100 per 100,000 yearly, and is treated with antipsychotics and coordinated specialty care.
Psychosocial
Psychosocial describes the interaction of social, cultural, and environmental influences on mind and behavior (APA). Covers Erikson's eight-stage psychosocial development theory, psychosocial health pathways, and WHO/UNICEF mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) in emergencies.
Psychosocial Functioning
Psychosocial functioning is how well a person performs everyday social, occupational, and personal roles, and it is a MeSH descriptor used as a treatment outcome in mental health research.
Psychosocial intervention
A psychosocial intervention, also called a psychological intervention, is a non-drug approach such as therapy or support groups that targets the psychological and social dimensions of illness.
Psychosomatic medicine
Psychosomatic medicine: field studying psychological, behavioral, and social factors in disease; also called consultation-liaison psychiatry; Heinroth coined the term in 1818; US subspecialty since 2003.
Psychosurgery
Psychosurgery: surgical destruction of non-diseased brain tissue to treat severe psychiatric illness; originated with Moniz's 1935 leucotomy, peaked with the lobotomy, Nobel Prize 1949, now rare capsulotomy, cingulotomy, and DBS.
Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, treats mental disorders through structured dialogue and psychological methods. Key approaches include CBT, psychodynamic, humanistic, and integrative therapies; overall effect size SMD 0.34, comparable to medication.
Psychotherapy, Imagery
Psychotherapy, imagery (MeSH D019018, guided imagery): use of imagined mental images as psychotherapy, spanning guided affective imagery, imagery rescripting, and imagery rehearsal therapy, applied to PTSD, anxiety, depression, and nightmares.