All articles starting with P
28,818 articles
PTPN12
PTPN12 (PTP-PEST, PTPG1), Gene ID 5782, is a ubiquitously expressed human non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase with a C-terminal PEST motif that regulates FAK, HER2/EGFR, and adhesion signaling; its expression is a context-dependent cancer biomarker.
PTPN2
PTPN2, also called TCPTP or TC-PTP, encodes a ubiquitous non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase on chromosome 18p11 with nuclear (TC45) and ER (TC48) isoforms, regulating insulin, JAK/STAT, and TCR signaling, autoimmune risk, and cancer immunotherapy.
PTPN22
PTPN22 is a human gene on chromosome 1 that encodes lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase, which dampens T cell receptor signaling; its C1858T variant is among the strongest genetic risk factors for autoimmunity.
PTPN6
PTPN6 (SHP-1, HCP, PTP-1C) is a human gene at 12p13.31 encoding a SH2-domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase, a negative immune regulator; biallelic loss-of-function causes infant anemia and inflammatory lung disease.
PTPRC
PTPRC (CD45, leukocyte common antigen) encodes a transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase on nearly all nucleated hematopoietic cells; alternatively spliced exons 4-6 yield CD45RA/RB/RO isoforms that mark naive versus memory lymphocytes and regulate antigen receptor signaling.
PTPRZ1
PTPRZ1 (RPTPζ, phosphacan) is a human chromosome 7 gene encoding a CNS-restricted receptor-type tyrosine phosphatase; pleiotrophin inhibits it via dimerization, and it is implicated in glioma, remyelination, and schizophrenia.
PTRG study
PTRG-DES consortium (PTRG study), a South Korean multicenter registry of 13,160 drug-eluting stent patients (2003-2018) linking platelet function tests and CYP2C19 genotype to long-term outcomes on clopidogrel.
PTRS-41
The PTRS-41 is a Soviet gas-operated, semi-automatic anti-tank rifle designed by Sergei Simonov and adopted in 1941, firing the 14.5×114 mm cartridge alongside the bolt-action PTRD-41.
PTSD Symptom Scale
The PTSD Symptom Scale (PSS) is a brief trauma measure, in interview and self-report versions, that yields a PTSD diagnosis and a severity score; Foa and colleagues published it in 1993.
PTSD-REA trial
PTSD-REA (NCT03991611) is a French stepped wedge cluster randomized trial led by Pierre Kalfon, Centre Hospitalier of Chartres, testing whether the IPREA3 discomfort-reduction program lowers PTSD symptoms (PCL-5) in ICU survivors at 1 year; 3,312 participants, 33 sites, including a COVID cohort.
PTT Exploration and Production
PTT Exploration and Production (PTTEP) is a Thai petroleum exploration and production company founded by the Royal Thai Government in 1985, operating more than 50 projects in over 10 countries.
PTT Global Chemical
PTT Global Chemical, commonly GC, is Thailand's largest integrated petrochemical and refining company, formed in 2011 as the chemical flagship of PTT, with plants at Map Ta Phut.
PTT PCL
PTT PCL (บริษัท ปตท.), legally PTT Public Company Limited, is Thailand's state-controlled national oil and gas company, founded in 1978, listed since 2001, and majority-owned by the Thai government.
PTTG1
PTTG1 (pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1), also called securin or PTTG, is a chromosome 5 proto-oncogene encoding a 202-amino acid separase inhibitor, overexpressed in pituitary, thyroid, breast, and ovarian cancers.
PTU
PTU is Johnnie To's 2003 Hong Kong neo-noir crime thriller (Milkyway Image) about a Police Tactical Unit's overnight search for a sergeant's lost revolver; it won HKFA Best Director 2004 and Golden Horse Best Original Screenplay 2003.
PTV Sports
PTV Sports is Pakistan's state-owned 24-hour sports channel of Pakistan Television Corporation, launched 11 January 2012. It holds domestic rights to Pakistan cricket, ACC events 2025–2027, and ICC events with Myco through 2027.
PTV VISSIM
PTV VISSIM is a commercial microscopic traffic simulation software by Germany's PTV Group, first released in 1993, that models cars, buses, cyclists, and pedestrians individually.
PTV VISUM
PTV VISUM is a Windows-based software package for transportation planning and travel demand modeling, published by PTV Group and used by about 4,000 customers in roughly 110 countries.
PTX-II trial
PTX-II (NCT02451774) was a randomized double-blind phase 2 trial at the University of Guadalajara adding pentoxifylline to chemotherapy in 44 children with newly diagnosed ALL; it increased apoptosis and early MRD-negative remission but not overall survival.
PTX3
PTX3 (pentraxin 3, TSG-14, TNFAIP5; Gene ID 5806) is the prototype long pentraxin, a locally induced innate-immune pattern recognition molecule made by endothelial cells and phagocytes, regulating complement, ECM, angiogenesis, and serving as an early inflammatory biomarker.
Ptyas
Ptyas (Asian rat snakes), Fitzinger 1843, a colubrid snake genus of Colubrinae with 14 species including P. mucosa, the Oriental ratsnake; large, non-venomous, oviparous Asian snakes.
Ptychadena
Ptychadena, the ridged or grass frogs (family Ptychadenidae), is a genus of 63 African frog species from sub-Saharan Africa and Egypt, introduced on Indian Ocean islands, notorious for cryptic species and an Ethiopian highlands radiation.
Ptychites
Ptychites, also called Ptychitenkalke namesake genus, is a Middle Triassic ammonoid cephalopod in family Ptychitidae, erected by Mojsisovics in 1875, widely distributed from Nevada to the Himalayas and used as a Triassic guide fossil.
Ptychographic imaging
Ptychographic imaging is a coherent diffraction technique that reconstructs an object's phase and amplitude from overlapping diffraction patterns, working from X-rays to visible light without lenses.
Ptychographic microscopy
Ptychographic microscopy is a lensless computational imaging method that reconstructs an image from overlapping diffraction patterns, delivering deep sub-ångström resolution in electron microscopy and nanoscale X-ray tomography.
Ptychographic X-ray computed tomography
Ptychographic X-ray computed tomography (PXCT) is a lensless X-ray imaging technique combining ptychography with computed tomography to reconstruct 3D electron density at nanometer resolution, first demonstrated in 2010.
Ptychographic X-ray laminography
Ptychographic X-ray laminography (PyXL) is a non-destructive X-ray imaging technique producing nanoscale 3D images of flat samples, demonstrated in 2019 on integrated circuits at 18.9 nm resolution.
Ptychographic X-ray tomography
Ptychographic X-ray tomography is a lensless 3D X-ray imaging method that scans a focused beam and reconstructs quantitative electron density, achieving resolutions better than 15 nm.
Ptychography
Ptychography is a lensless coherent-diffraction imaging method that scans a probe across a specimen, records overlapping diffraction patterns, and computationally reconstructs amplitude and phase at high resolution.
Pu controversy
The Pu controversy (濮议) was a Northern Song court dispute over what title Emperor Yingzong should grant his biological father Zhao Yunrang, lasting about 18 months.