All articles starting with P

Pulse wave analysis

Pulse wave analysis (PWA), including pulse wave velocity, is a family of noninvasive cardiovascular tests recording arterial pulse waveforms to estimate aortic stiffness, central blood pressure, and cardiovascular risk.

Pulse welding

Pulse welding is a family of arc and laser welding techniques that delivers energy in repeated high and low cycles, reducing distortion and improving weld quality.

Pulse-amplitude modulation

Pulse-amplitude modulation, or PAM, is a form of pulse modulation in which each pulse's amplitude varies with the sampled message signal, now widely used digitally as PAM4.

Pulse-code modulation

Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is a method of representing analog audio as a digital bitstream by sampling and quantizing it, used on compact discs and in digital telephony.

Pulse-coupled neural network

A pulse-coupled neural network (PCNN) is a single-layer network of integrate-and-fire neurons, one per image pixel, that converts images into pulse outputs without training and is used in image segmentation and fusion.

Pulse-Doppler radar

Pulse-Doppler radar is a radar technique that transmits pulses and measures the Doppler shift of echoes to determine target velocity, underpinning weather radar networks like the WSR-88D.

Pulse-frequency modulation

Pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) is an encoding method that represents a signal's magnitude as the repetition rate of identical pulses, used in neuromorphic computing and switching regulators.

Pulse-position modulation

Pulse-position modulation (PPM) is a digital modulation method that encodes information in a pulse's position within a time frame, used in deep-space and lunar optical links.

Pulse-tube refrigerator

A pulse-tube refrigerator is a cryocooler with no moving parts at its cold end, giving high reliability and low vibration; it cools the James Webb Space Telescope's MIRI instrument.

Pulse-width modulation

Pulse-width modulation (PWM), also called pulse-duration modulation, is a power-control method that switches a load fully on and off rapidly, setting average power by duty cycle.

Pulsed amperometric detection

Pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) is an electrochemical detection technique in which repeating electrode potentials detect analytes while cleaning the electrode, best known in HPAEC-PAD carbohydrate analysis.

Pulsed column

A pulsed column, or pulsed extraction column, is a vertical liquid–liquid extraction contactor that mixes two liquids with a reciprocating pulse, used mainly in PUREX nuclear reprocessing.

Pulsed eddy current

Pulsed eddy current (PEC) is a non-destructive testing method that measures wall thickness of insulated steel pipes and vessels to find corrosion while in service.

Oct 22, 2026

Pulsed electrochemical CO2 reduction

Pulsed electrochemical CO2 reduction is a mode of CO2 electrolysis that alternates the cathode potential between reducing and less reducing values to steer product selectivity.

Pulsed electrolysis

Pulsed electrolysis is an electrochemical method applying time-varying current or voltage waveforms instead of a constant current or potential, used to control reaction selectivity, catalyst state, and product formation.

Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy

Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy, also called pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation, is a noninvasive treatment using coil-generated magnetic fields to induce healing currents in bone; FDA first approved it in 1979 for fracture nonunions, with mixed evidence in osteoarthritis and pain.

Pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance

Pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (pulsed EPR) is a spectroscopic technique that excites electron spins with short, high-power microwave pulses and Fourier transforms the emitted signal to obtain the spectrum.

Pulsed electron spin resonance spectroscopy

Pulsed electron spin resonance spectroscopy, or pulsed EPR, applies short, high-power microwave pulses to unpaired electron spins and records the resulting echo, measuring relaxation times, hyperfine couplings, and spin–spin distances.

Pulsed field ablation

Pulsed field ablation is a nonthermal catheter technique that destroys heart tissue with short, high-voltage electric fields, used mainly to isolate pulmonary veins in atrial fibrillation while sparing nearby structures.

Pulsed field gradient

A pulsed field gradient (PFG), or gradient NMR, is a short, strong magnetic field gradient applied during an NMR sequence to encode spin position as a phase shift.

Pulsed gradient spin echo

Pulsed gradient spin echo (PGSE) is a nuclear magnetic resonance technique for measuring molecular diffusion, introduced by Stejskal and Tanner in 1965 and widely used in diffusion MRI.

Pulsed laser ablation

Pulsed laser ablation is a materials processing method that removes material from a target surface using short, intense laser pulses, producing vapor, machined micro-features, or colloidal nanoparticles synthesized in liquids.

Pulsed laser deposition

Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is a physical vapor deposition technique that uses laser pulses to ablate a target, depositing thin films valued for complex oxides and superconductors.

Pulsed light therapy

Pulsed light therapy, known in dermatology as intense pulsed light (IPL), delivers brief flashes of broad-spectrum light to treat vascular lesions, pigmented lesions, and unwanted hair.

Pulsed plasma thruster

A pulsed plasma thruster (PPT) is an electric rocket engine that produces tiny pulses of thrust by discharging a capacitor across solid Teflon propellant, used for small-satellite attitude control since 1964.

Pulsed radiofrequency

Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) is a minimally invasive pain medicine technique that applies short radiofrequency current bursts near a nerve or dorsal root ganglion to treat chronic pain without destroying tissue.

Pulsed thermography

Pulsed thermography is an active infrared nondestructive testing method: a short light pulse heats a surface, and an infrared camera records the cooling to reveal subsurface defects.

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is a gel electrophoresis technique, described by Schwartz and Cantor in 1984, that separates DNA up to 10 megabases by periodically switching the electric field's direction.

Pulsed-field gradient NMR

Pulsed-field gradient NMR, also called pulsed gradient spin-echo (PGSE) NMR, is an NMR technique that measures molecular self-diffusion, introduced by Stejskal and Tanner in 1965.