All articles starting with R
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Refrigerated truck
A refrigerated truck, commonly called a reefer truck, is an insulated truck with an onboard refrigeration unit holding temperature-sensitive cargo like food, pharmaceuticals, and medical supplies.
Refrigeration
Refrigeration is the process of removing heat from a space or substance to keep it below the surrounding temperature, achieved mainly by vapor-compression cycles that circulate a refrigerant.
Refrigerator
A refrigerator, or fridge, is a household appliance that uses a mechanical refrigeration cycle to stay at 40 °F (4 °C) or below, keeping perishable food safe for days or weeks.
Refrigerator car
A refrigerator car, or reefer, is an insulated railroad freight car cooled by ice and later mechanical refrigeration, used to carry meat, fruit, and other perishables over long distances.
Refrigerator death
Refrigerator death, also called fridge death, is suffocation of a person, usually a child, trapped in a refrigerator with a door that cannot be opened from inside.
ReFS
ReFS (Resilient File System) is a Microsoft file system introduced in 2012 for Windows Server, designed to complement NTFS with checksums, self-healing, and volumes up to 35 petabytes.
RefSeq
RefSeq, short for Reference Sequence, is a database maintained by the US National Center for Biotechnology Information that provides curated, non-redundant reference sequences of genomic DNA, transcripts, and proteins for diverse organisms.
Reftinskaya GRES power station
Reftinskaya GRES (Рефтинская ГРЭС) is a coal-fired power station in Reftinsky, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia. Opened in 1970, its 3,800 MW make it the largest coal-fired plant in Russia.
ReFuelEU Aviation
ReFuelEU Aviation is a 2023 EU regulation requiring sustainable aviation fuel at EU airports, starting at 2% in 2025 and rising to 70% by 2050.
ReFuelEU Aviation SAF blending mandate
The ReFuelEU Aviation SAF blending mandate, created by EU Regulation 2023/2405, requires fuel suppliers at EU airports to blend rising shares of sustainable aviation fuel from 2% in 2025.
Refuge
Refuge, in ecology, also called a refugium, is a habitat feature sheltering individuals or populations from stressors like drought, fire, and invasive species, used in conservation and biogeography.
Refuge (2023 film)
Refuge (The Refuge) is a 2023 horror film directed by Renny Harlin, written by Ben Sztajnkrycer, starring Sophie Simnett, Aston McAuley, and Jason Flemyng. A sergeant returns from Afghanistan changed after a mysterious attack; released in the US April 19, 2024 by Vertical, IMDb 4.1/10.
Refuge in Buddhism
Refuge in Buddhism, also called the Three Jewels or Triple Gem, is the commitment to the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha made by Buddhist lay disciples.
Refugee
Refugee: a person outside their country owing to well-founded fear of persecution under the 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol. 41.6 million refugees at end-2025; core principle non-refoulement; distinct from asylum-seekers and IDPs.
Refugee (2000 film)
Refugee is a 2000 Hindi romantic drama directed by J.P. Dutta, debuting Abhishek Bachchan and Kareena Kapoor in a cross-border love story set on the India-Pakistan border, with music by Anu Malik, released 30 June 2000.
Refugee camp
Refugee camp: temporary settlement for people fleeing across borders, run by host governments with UNHCR under the 1951 Refugee Convention; often protracted, governed by Sphere standards, exemplified by Kakuma and Cox's Bazar.
Refugee Olympic Team at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Refugee Olympic Team at Rio 2016: the first team of refugee athletes at the Olympics, 10 athletes from Ethiopia, South Sudan, Syria, and DR Congo competing under the Olympic flag, announced by Thomas Bach in October 2015.
Refugee uprisings in Jing and Xiang
The refugee uprisings in Jing and Xiang (流民起义于荆湘) were revolts by Sichuan refugees in Jingzhou and Xiangzhou during the Western Jin collapse, led by Du Tao.
Refugees
Refugees (流民圖, Liumin Tu) is a monumental ink-and-color handscroll painted by Jiang Zhaohe in 1943 in Japanese-occupied Beiping, depicting more than 100 civilians fleeing war and famine.
Refugees in Uganda
Uganda hosts more refugees than any other African country, over 2 million by mid-2026, mainly South Sudanese and Congolese, governed through rural settlements with land allocations rather than camps.
Refugees of the Syrian civil war
Refugees of the Syrian civil war: Syrians who fled abroad after the 2011 uprising, peaking at 6.8 million, mainly in Turkey, Lebanon, and Jordan, with over 1.2 million returning after Assad's December 2024 fall.
Refugia
Refugia is a 2020 experimental two-player abstract board game by Dale W. Walton, cataloged in Ludii (DLP.Games.991). Stones flee enemy concentrations; hopping captures create mutual-enemy stones; winner has most friendly-stone adjacencies. Distinct from the games Refuge, Rifugio, and Refugium.
Refurbed
Refurbed is an Austrian online marketplace for professionally refurbished consumer electronics, founded in Vienna in 2017, with over €3 billion in cumulative sales across 24 European markets.
Refurbishment (electronics)
Refurbishment of electronics is the repair or upgrade of used devices for resale, with testing and data wiping; a refurbished smartphone showed 71% lower emissions than a new one.
Refusal direction
The refusal direction is a single direction in a language model's activations whose removal blocks refusal of harmful requests, identified by Arditi and collaborators in 2024.
Refusal of work
Refusal of work, or work refusal, is the practice and political tradition of resisting or rejecting paid labor, ranging from absenteeism and sabotage to strikes and demands for shorter hours.
Refusal training
Refusal training is the set of post-training methods that teach language models to decline harmful or inappropriate requests while answering legitimate ones, spanning supervised fine-tuning, preference optimization, and adversarial training.
Refuse-derived fuel
Refuse-derived fuel is a solid fuel made by shredding municipal waste and removing metals and glass, used to supplement fossil fuels in cement kilns and boilers.
Refused
Refused, Swedish hardcore punk band from Umeå formed in 1991, known for The Shape of Punk to Come (1998), the 2012 reunion, Freedom (2015), War Music (2019), and final show December 21, 2025.
Refusenik
Refusenik (отказник): a Soviet Jew denied an exit visa after applying to emigrate, mostly to Israel, from the late 1960s; organized dissident movement, Jackson-Vanik pressure, Shcharansky case, mass departures after 1987.