All articles starting with R
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Reformate
Reformate, also called reformed gasoline, is the high-octane liquid hydrocarbon product of catalytic reforming of naphtha, used as a gasoline blendstock, the main source of xylenes, and a refinery hydrogen source.
Reformation
The Reformation: 16th-century European religious movement begun by Martin Luther's 1517 95 Theses, spread by the printing press, producing Protestant churches, the Counter-Reformation, and lasting political change.
Reformation Day
Reformation Day (German: Reformationstag) is a Protestant holiday on 31 October commemorating Martin Luther's 1517 Ninety-Five Theses in Wittenberg, a public holiday in nine German states, Slovenia, and Chile.
Reformation in Lithuania
The Reformation in Lithuania was the sixteenth-century spread of Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Arianism in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, peaking under Sigismund Augustus before the Counter-Reformation rolled it back.
Reformatsky reaction
The Reformatsky reaction is an organic reaction in which an α-halo ester reacts with an aldehyde or ketone in the presence of zinc to form a β-hydroxy ester.
Reformed and Calvinist school movements
Reformed and Calvinist school movements are efforts to run confessional day schools taught entirely from a Reformed perspective, governed by parent associations rather than church or state.
Reformed Christianity
Reformed Christianity, also called Calvinism or the Reformed tradition, is a branch of Protestantism that arose in sixteenth-century Zurich and Geneva and today includes Presbyterian, Continental Reformed, and Congregationalist churches.
Reformed Church in America
The Reformed Church in America is a Reformed Protestant denomination founded by Dutch colonists in New Amsterdam in 1628, one of the oldest Protestant bodies in the United States.
Reformed Church in Romania
The Reformed Church in Romania (Romanian: Biserica Reformată din România) is the Calvinist church of Romania, founded at the Synod of Nagyenyed in 1564 and concentrated in Transylvania.
Reformed Esperanto (1894)
Reformed Esperanto (Esperanto 1894) was Zamenhof's 1894 reform proposal for Esperanto, rejected by readers. Its ideas resurfaced in Ido (1907), the reformed Esperanto derivative led by Louis Couturat.
Reformer (transformer model)
Reformer is an efficient Transformer architecture introduced in January 2020 by Kitaev, Kaiser, and Levskaya, using LSH attention and reversible layers to process very long sequences.
Reforming (chemistry)
Reforming is a family of catalytic processes that converts naphtha into high-octane gasoline blendstock and methane into synthesis gas and hydrogen, supplying about 47% of global hydrogen.
Reformism
Reformism, or revisionism, is the socialist doctrine that capitalism can be transformed into socialism through gradual parliamentary and union reforms, associated with Eduard Bernstein's 1899 Evolutionary Socialism and opposed by Rosa Luxemburg.
Reforms of 1867–1868 in Kazakhstan
The Reforms of 1867–1868 in Kazakhstan were imperial Russian statutes signed by Tsar Alexander II that divided the Kazakh steppe into oblasts, districts, and volosts under direct imperial rule.
Reforms of Ahmad Bey
The Reforms of Ahmad Bey were European-inspired modernizing reforms in the Regency of Tunis from 1837 to 1855, led by Ahmad I Bey of the Husainid dynasty.
Reforms of Amir Kabir
The Reforms of Amir Kabir (اصلاحات امیرکبیر) were administrative, fiscal, military, and cultural reforms carried out by grand vizier Amir Kabir in Qajar Iran between 1848 and 1851.
Reforms of Chai Rong
The Reforms of Chai Rong (周世宗改革) were the military, fiscal, legal, and religious measures of Emperor Shizong of Later Zhou, who rebuilt the central army and recovered territory before dying in 959.
Reforms of Emperor Shengzong of Liao
The reforms of Emperor Shengzong of Liao (遼聖宗改革) were administrative, legal, fiscal, and military changes in the Khitan Liao dynasty, conducted under Empress Dowager Chengtian with Han Chinese advisers like Han Derang.
Reforms of Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei
The Reforms of Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei (孝文帝改制朝廷) remade the Xianbei court on a Chinese model, moving the capital to Luoyang in the Taihe era.
Reforms of Hezekiah
The reforms of Hezekiah, also called Hezekiah's religious reform, were a late eighth century BCE program removing high places, Asherah poles, and the Nehushtan, centralizing sacrifice in the Jerusalem Temple.
Reforms of Jeroboam I
The reforms of Jeroboam I, also called Jeroboam's cultic reform, were religious measures by the first king of northern Israel, establishing golden calves at Dan and Bethel.
Reforms of Josiah
The Reforms of Josiah, also called the Josianic reform, were King Josiah's religious reforms of Judah in 622 BC, purging foreign cult objects and centralizing all sacrifice at the Jerusalem Temple.
Reforms of Khayr al-Din Pasha
The Reforms of Khayr al-Din Pasha (خير الدين التونسي) were administrative, financial, judicial, and educational modernizations in the Regency of Tunis during his premiership from 1873 to 1877.
Reforms of Khusrau I
The Reforms of Khusrau I (اصلاحات خسرو انوشیروان) were Sasanian fiscal, military, and administrative reforms, begun under Kavad I and completed by Khusrau I Anushirvan after 531.
Reforms of King Jijeung
The Reforms of King Jijeung (지증왕) were state-building measures in the Korean kingdom of Silla between 500 and 514, abolishing human sacrifice and fixing the national name as Silla.
Reforms of Li Kui
The Reforms of Li Kui (李悝变法) were legal, economic, and administrative reforms in the state of Weiguo around 403 BC, directed by Li Kui under Wei Wenhou.
Reforms of Princess Olga
The Reforms of Princess Olga (Реформы княгини Ольги) were tribute and administrative reforms in Kievan Rus', recorded in 946 and 947, establishing pogosty and fixed tribute quotas.
Reforms of Sinmun of Silla
The Reforms of Sinmun of Silla were political, administrative, and military restructurings by King Sinmun of Unified Silla, from 681 to 692, strengthening royal authority against the jingol aristocracy.
Reforms of Taejong of Joseon
The Reforms of Taejong of Joseon (태종의 개혁) were institutional changes under Joseon's third king Taejong, abolishing princes' private armies and reorganizing government around the Uijeongbu and six boards.
Reforms of the Chosen Council (1549–1560)
The Reforms of the Chosen Council (Реформы Избранной рады) were reforms carried out in Muscovy under Ivan IV from 1549 to 1560, beginning with the first Zemsky Sobor.