All articles starting with R
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Rhine–Main–Danube Canal
The Rhine–Main–Danube Canal (Main-Donau-Kanal) is a 171-kilometer canal in Bavaria, Germany, built between 1960 and 1992 to link the Main and Danube, completing a 3,500-kilometer waterway from the North Sea to the Black Sea.
Rhineland
The Rhineland (Rheinland) is a cultural and geographical region of western Germany along the Rhine, not a single administrative unit. Formerly Prussia's Rhine Province, occupied by the Allies 1918–1930, today it spans North Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate and is a leading German chemical and economic region.
Rhineland massacres
Rhineland massacres (Hebrew Gezerot Tatnu): 1096 attacks by People's Crusade bands on the Jewish communities of Speyer, Worms, Mainz, and Cologne; regarded as the first major medieval European persecution of Jews, with debated death tolls from about 4,000 to 10,000.
Rhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz), a German federal state founded 30 August 1946 under French occupation, capital Mainz; Germany's top wine state with six of 13 wine regions, ~70% of German wine, GDP EUR 185.3 billion (2025), home of BASF and BioNTech.
Rhinella
Rhinella (South American toads, formerly Chaunus and Rhamphophryne) is a Fitzinger 1826 genus of 97 bufonid toad species from Texas and Sonora to southern South America, defended by pressure-released parotoid gland venom; R. marina is a major invasive species.
Rhinestone
A rhinestone, also known as a paste gem or Austrian crystal, is a glass or plastic stone that imitates a diamond, a staple of affordable costume jewelry.
Rhinestone (1984 film)
Rhinestone (1984) is a Bob Clark musical comedy starring Dolly Parton and Sylvester Stallone, based on "Rhinestone Cowboy." It cost about $28 million, grossed $21.4 million, won two Razzies, and is not streaming.
Rhinestone Cowboy
Rhinestone Cowboy: country-pop song written by Larry Weiss (Black and Blue Suite, 1974) and made famous by Glen Campbell's 1975 Capitol single, which topped the Billboard Hot 100, Hot Country Songs, and adult contemporary charts and became Campbell's signature song.
Rhinitis
Rhinitis is nasal inflammation defined by congestion, sneezing, runny nose, and itch, divided into allergic, non-allergic, and infective types; allergic rhinitis affects roughly one in four people in westernized countries and is strongly linked to asthma.
Rhinitis medicamentosa
Rhinitis medicamentosa (rebound congestion, chemical rhinitis): drug-induced nonallergic nasal congestion from overusing topical decongestant sprays like oxymetazoline and xylometazoline, typically after 5-7 days, treated by stopping the spray with intranasal steroids.
Rhino (robot)
Rhino was an autonomous museum tour-guide robot developed at the University of Bonn, deployed at the Deutsches Museum Bonn in May 1997 as the first museum tour-guide robot.
Rhino (Алексей Сицевич) (character)
Rhino (Алексей Сицевич, Aleksei Sytsevich) is a Marvel Comics Spider-Man supervillain, debuting in The Amazing Spider-Man #41 (1966) by Stan Lee and John Romita Sr., a Russian mob enforcer given gamma treatments and a bonded polymer rhino hide with superhuman strength.
Rhino poaching in Southern Africa
Rhino poaching in Southern Africa is the illegal killing of rhinos for their horns, driven by Asian demand and the main threat to rhinos since 2008.
Rhinoceros
Rhinoceros (Rhinocerotidae): large odd-toed hoofed mammals with keratin horns; five living species in Africa and Asia, all threatened by poaching; over 50 fossil species, family spanning 50 million years; about 26,700 remain.
Rhinoceros (play)
Rhinocéros (Les Rhinocéros, The Rhinoceros) is Eugène Ionesco's 1959 three-act, four-tableau absurdist play in which a French town's inhabitants become rhinoceroses until only Bérenger resists; premiered in Düsseldorf 1959 and Paris 1960.
Rhinoceros 3D
Rhinoceros 3D, commonly called Rhino or Rhino3D, is a professional CAD program for Windows and macOS by Robert McNeel & Associates that models free-form shapes with NURBS surfaces.
Rhinoceros Party
Rhinoceros Party (Parti Rhinocéros), Canadian satirical party founded 1963 by Jacques Ferron; promised to keep none of its promises, peaked at ~110,000 votes in 1980, won no seats, deregistered 1993, revived since 2011.
Rhinocerotidae
Rhinocerotidae, the true rhinoceroses, is a perissodactyl family with five living species in Africa and Asia and a 40-million-year fossil record; defined by tusk-like lower incisors, with most fossil members hornless.
Rhinology
Rhinology: ENT subspecialty of the nose, paranasal sinuses, and anterior skull base; centered on chronic rhinosinusitis, endoscopic sinus surgery, and biologics; also the name of the field's bimonthly journal (ISSN 0300-0729).
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, the greater horseshoe bat (Schreber, 1774), a large Rhinolophidae bat from Europe, North Africa, and Asia; FM/CF/FM echolocation at 77-81 kHz, twentieth-century decline, and strong UK recovery since 1999.
Rhinolophus hipposideros
Rhinolophus hipposideros, the lesser horseshoe bat, is Europe's smallest horseshoe bat (5-9 g, ~110 kHz constant-frequency call), ranging from western Europe and North Africa to central Asia; it declined sharply in the 1950s-1970s but is now increasing in Wales and Ireland.
Rhinomanometry
Rhinomanometry is a diagnostic technique measuring nasal airflow and pressure simultaneously to quantify nasal airway resistance in Pa/cm³/s, most often by active anterior rhinomanometry.
Rhinophyma
Rhinophyma (drinkers' nose, phymatous rosacea) is the bulbous nasal enlargement of end-stage rosacea, affecting mostly men over 50; surgery is definitive, medical therapy is not, and alcohol causation is contested.
Rhinopithecus
Rhinopithecus, the snub-nosed monkeys, is a genus of five endangered Asian colobine species from China, Myanmar, and Vietnam, living at 200–4,700 m and relying heavily on lichens in winter.
Rhinopithecus bieti
Rhinopithecus bieti, the black-and-white or Yunnan snub-nosed monkey, is an Endangered colobine of the Hengduan Mountains between the Yangtze and Mekong rivers, living at 3,000-4,500 m, lichen-feeding, with over 3,500 individuals in about 20 isolated groups and five genetic populations.
Rhinoplasty
Rhinoplasty (nose job, nose reshaping surgery) is surgery to change the nose's shape or improve breathing. Traces to Sushruta's forehead flap; modernized by Roe (1887) and Joseph (1898); open and closed approaches show similar outcomes.
Rhinopoma
Rhinopoma, the mouse-tailed bats, is the sole living genus of Rhinopomatidae, desert bats from Senegal to Bengal with long free tails and jointed ears; the 2026 revision recognizes six species, synonymizing R. macinnesi with R. cystops and describing R. funaiolii.
Rhinorrhea
Rhinorrhea, commonly called a runny nose, is discharge of nasal fluid from the nose, most often caused by upper respiratory infections or allergies, though clear discharge after head trauma may signal a cerebrospinal fluid leak.
Rhinoscopy
Rhinoscopy is the visual examination of the interior of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx, performed with a handheld speculum or a rigid or flexible endoscope.
Rhinosporidiosis
Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous infection of mucous membranes, most often the nose, caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi, an aquatic protistan parasite endemic in South Asia; treatment is surgical excision.