All articles starting with S
44,216 articles
State police (United States)
State police (United States): statewide law enforcement agencies with general jurisdiction; first was the Pennsylvania State Police (1905), model for 49 states, distinct from highway patrols and sheriffs.
State Post Bureau
The State Post Bureau (国家邮政局) is China's postal regulatory authority, a sub-ministry-level bureau under the Ministry of Transport that supervises the postal market and express delivery.
State Power Investment
State Power Investment Corporation Limited (国家电力投资集团, SPIC) is one of China's five major power generation groups, formed in July 2015 by merging China Power Investment with SNPTC.
State practice (international law)
State practice is the conduct of a State, through its executive, legislative, judicial, or other organs, that serves as the objective element of a rule of customary international law.
State Preeminent Science and Technology Award
The State Preeminent Science and Technology Award (国家最高科学技术奖) is China's highest scientific honor, created in 2000 and conferred by the President on at most two citizens per award.
State President of South Africa
State President (Staatspresident) of South Africa: head of state 1961–1994, created when the republic replaced the Governor-General. Ceremonial until 1984, executive under P.W. Botha and F.W. de Klerk, replaced in 1994 by the President.
State Prize for Literature
The State Prize for Literature (Státní cena za literaturu) is the highest Czech state award for literature, granted annually on 28 October by the Ministry of Culture.
State Prize of the USSR
The State Prize of the USSR (Государственная премия СССР) was a Soviet award given annually from 1966 to 1991 for science, technology, literature, and art.
State Prize of Vietnam
The State Prize of Vietnam (Giải thưởng Nhà nước) is one of Vietnam's two highest state awards for outstanding scientific, technological, and literary or artistic works.
State public television networks in the United States
State public television networks are statewide noncommercial educational TV systems, such as Alabama Public Television (first, 1955), Maryland Public Television, and NJ PBS, where state agencies or commissions hold FCC licenses, receive state appropriations, and face restructuring after the 2025 CPB defunding.
State religion
A state religion, also called an established or official religion, is one a country's constitution or law explicitly names as official. In 2015, 43 countries had one, most commonly Islam.
State responsibility
State responsibility is the international law regime governing when states incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts, codified in the ILC's 2001 ARSIWA (59 articles, non-binding but treated as customary), covering attribution, breach, reparation, and countermeasures.
State school
State school: a government-funded, tuition-free school, as defined by CESSDA ELSST and Cambridge Dictionary. Covers UK, US, Australian and New Zealand usage, funding splits, academies, grammar selection, and enrolment shares.
State Science and Technology Progress Award
The State Science and Technology Progress Award (国家科学技术进步奖) is one of China's five State Science and Technology Awards, honoring outstanding application and dissemination of research results, with First, Second, and Special Prizes.
State Secretariat of the West Ukrainian People's Republic
The State Secretariat of the West Ukrainian People's Republic, also called the Council of State Secretaries, was the government of the West Ukrainian People's Republic from 1918 to 1919.
State Security Department of Lithuania
The State Security Department of Lithuania (VSD) is the country's main counterintelligence institution and one of two national intelligence agencies, established in March 1990 after independence.
State Security Police
State security police, or secret police, are internal security agencies targeting political opponents through surveillance, arrest, and detention; examples include the Soviet Cheka/KGB, Nazi SiPo, Stasi, and South Africa's Security Branch.
State Security Service (Nigeria)
State Security Service (SSS), also Department of State Services (DSS), Nigeria's domestic intelligence agency under the National Security Agencies Act 1986, created in 1986 from the NSO, handling internal security, classified matters, and VIP protection.
State socialism
State socialism: a socialist doctrine and historical system in which the state owns or administers the major means of production through central planning, as in the Soviet bloc and Maoist China; distinct from market socialism, social democracy, and state capitalism.
State Space Labs, Inc.
State Space Labs, Inc., doing business as Aimlabs, is a New York-based technology company founded by Wayne E. Mackey in 2017 that develops performance analytics and AI training tools for gamers and esports athletes.
State space representation (GNSS augmentation)
State space representation (SSR) is a GNSS augmentation method that broadcasts individual error states, such as satellite orbit, clock, and atmospheric delays, separately for receivers to apply, underlying PPP and PPP-RTK.
State Sponsors of Terrorism (U.S. list)
The U.S. State Sponsors of Terrorism list designates governments that repeatedly supported international terrorism under three statutes, triggering aid, defense export, and trade sanctions; Cuba, Iran, North Korea, and Sudan have been long-standing designees, and Syria was removed in August 2026.
State Street Corporation
State Street Corporation, also known as State Street Bank, is an American custody bank headquartered in Boston that services and manages about $53.8 trillion for institutional clients.
State succession of newly independent states
State succession of newly independent states is the branch of international law governing how a former colony takes over or rejects the treaties, debts, and property of the departing colonial power.
State Supervisory Commission for Flight Safety
The State Supervisory Commission for Flight Safety (Gosavianadzor) was the Soviet Union's independent aviation safety and accident investigation agency, established in 1987 under the Council of Ministers.
State supreme court justices admitted by reading law
State supreme court justices admitted by reading law studied legal treatises instead of attending law school, exemplified by Georgia's self-taught Chief Justice Logan E. Bleckley.
State supreme courts in the United States
State supreme courts are the highest courts in each U.S. state system and the final arbiters of state law. Justices reach them by partisan or nonpartisan election, gubernatorial or legislative appointment, or merit selection, with rising campaign spending and diversity gaps.
State Teachers Retirement System of Ohio (Ohio STF)
The State Teachers Retirement System of Ohio is a public pension fund serving Ohio's teachers, founded in 1920, with about $101.8 billion in assets and 549,348 members.
State terrorism
State terrorism: political violence by states or their proxies against civilians for political goals through fear. Covers direct state terror, state-sponsored terrorism, definitional disputes, and the blurred state/non-state boundary.
State trading enterprise
A state trading enterprise (STE) is an enterprise granted exclusive or special privileges influencing imports or exports, defined in the WTO's GATT Article XVII understanding.