All articles starting with S
44,216 articles
Superchick
Superchick (Superchic[k]) was a Chicago Christian pop-rock band formed 1999 by Max Hsu, fronted by Tricia Brock; albums Karaoke Superstars through Reinvention, hit "Stand in the Rain," disbanded 2016.
Superclásico
Superclásico: the Buenos Aires football derby between Boca Juniors and River Plate, first played 24 August 1913 (River won 2-1). Over 260 official matches, Boca leading 92-88; defined by La Boca origins, class identities, and the 2018 Libertadores final.
SuperCLUE
SuperCLUE is a Chinese-language evaluation framework and leaderboard for large language models, launched in 2023 as the successor to CLUE and widely cited when Chinese AI companies announce top model rankings.
Supercluster
A supercluster is one of the largest known assemblies of galaxies, a chain or sheet of clusters and filaments spanning tens to hundreds of millions of light-years.
SuperCollider
SuperCollider is a free and open-source platform for real-time audio synthesis and algorithmic composition, created by James McCartney in 1996 and community-maintained since its 2002 GPL release.
Supercompact cardinal
A supercompact cardinal is a large cardinal in set theory defined by Reinhardt and Solovay around 1968, much stronger than measurability and stronger than every Woodin cardinal.
Supercomputer
A supercomputer, also called a high-performance computer, is a system of many computers working in parallel to model complex systems like weather, climate, and the universe.
Supercomputing Conference
The Supercomputing Conference, known as SC, is the leading annual conference for high performance computing, co-sponsored by the ACM and IEEE Computer Society and held every year since 1988; the November TOP500 list is published there.
Supercomputing in India
Supercomputing in India is the national effort to build supercomputers for scientific research, beginning with C-DAC's indigenous PARAM series in 1990 and continuing under the National Supercomputing Mission since 2015.
Superconcentrated electrolyte
A superconcentrated electrolyte is a battery electrolyte with salt concentrations above roughly 3 M, where ion pairing dominates and anion-derived films stabilize lithium-metal and high-voltage electrodes.
Superconducting cable
A superconducting cable is a power transmission cable whose superconducting conductor, cooled below its critical temperature, conducts with essentially zero resistance, carrying up to seven times the power of a conventional cable.
Superconducting cavity quantum memory
A superconducting cavity quantum memory is a quantum memory for superconducting quantum processors that stores quantum information in high-quality microwave cavities, decoupling storage time from qubit processing speed.
Superconducting diode
A superconducting diode is a superconducting circuit element, the analog of a semiconductor diode, carrying supercurrent without resistance in one direction and resistively in the other; proposed in 2007 and first observed in 2020.
Superconducting diode effect
The superconducting diode effect is the nonreciprocity of the critical supercurrent in a superconducting device, first clearly demonstrated in 2020, enabling dissipationless rectification for superconducting electronics.
Superconducting diode effect in nanowire Josephson junctions
The superconducting diode effect in nanowire Josephson junctions is a nonreciprocal transport phenomenon in which the critical current differs by direction, so the junction is superconducting one way and resistive the other.
Superconducting generator
A superconducting generator is an electrical generator in which one or both windings use superconducting wire, promising higher efficiency and lower weight but requiring cryogenic cooling, with no commercial power service yet.
Superconducting hydride
A superconducting hydride is a hydrogen-rich compound that becomes superconducting under pressures of tens to hundreds of gigapascals, including H3S at 203 K and LaH10 at 250-260 K.
Superconducting magnet
A superconducting magnet, or superconducting electromagnet, is an electromagnet with superconducting wire coils that produce strong, stable fields, used in accelerators, MRI, and fusion reactors.
Superconducting magnetic energy storage
Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) is a technology that stores electricity as the magnetic field of a superconducting coil, offering over 95 percent efficiency and near-instantaneous response.
Superconducting metamaterials
Superconducting metamaterials are artificial electromagnetic structures, such as arrays of split-ring resonators and SQUIDs, that combine engineered electromagnetic response with superconductors' low loss, strong nonlinearity, and tunability, though they require cryogenic cooling.
Superconducting microwave resonator
A superconducting microwave resonator is a superconducting circuit that stores microwave photons with very low loss, used in quantum computers for qubit readout, coupling, and memory.
Superconducting nanowire single-photon detector
A superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD), also called a superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD), counts single photons with a superconducting nanowire and leads photon counting for quantum communication.
Superconducting order parameter
The superconducting order parameter is a complex field describing a superconductor's condensate, introduced by Ginzburg and Landau in 1950 and derived by Gor'kov from BCS theory in 1959.
Superconducting proximity effect
The superconducting proximity effect is the appearance of superconducting correlations in a normal conductor placed in contact with a superconductor, via Andreev reflection, which converts electrons into Cooper pairs.
Superconducting quantum computing
Superconducting quantum computing is an approach to quantum computing in which qubits are superconducting circuits built around Josephson junctions, developed by IBM, Google, Rigetti, and IQM.
Superconducting qubit
A superconducting qubit is a quantum bit built from a superconducting circuit containing a Josephson junction, first demonstrated at NEC in 1999 and cooled to cryogenic temperatures.
Superconducting qubit arrays with tunable couplers
Superconducting qubit arrays with tunable couplers are quantum processor layouts in which a flux-tunable circuit element between qubits switches their interaction on for gates and off at idle.
Superconducting qubit coupled to a mechanical resonator
A superconducting qubit coupled to a mechanical resonator is a hybrid quantum system in which a superconducting circuit controls the quantized vibrations of a tiny mechanical oscillator.
Superconducting qubit readout
Superconducting qubit readout is the measurement of a superconducting qubit's quantum state, typically by probing a coupled microwave resonator; it is a key bottleneck for quantum processors.
Superconducting radio-frequency
Superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) is accelerator technology in which superconducting niobium cavities cooled to a few kelvin sustain accelerating fields with wall losses a million times lower than copper.