All articles starting with S
44,216 articles
Superimposed training
Superimposed training, also called superimposed pilots, is a channel-estimation technique in which a known training sequence is added at low power to the data signal.
Superinductor
A superinductor is a superconducting circuit element with zero DC resistance whose impedance exceeds the resistance quantum, introduced around 2009 as the key component of the fluxonium qubit.
Superinfection exclusion gene product 17
Superinfection exclusion gene product 17 (GP17, Pfam PF17420) is a phage protein family; P22 Gp17 counteracts the Fels-2 prophage exclusion system, while SPP1 Gp17 is a tail completion protein.
Superinfection exclusion protein A
Superinfection exclusion protein A (SieA), phage P22 sieA product, is an 18.8 kDa Salmonella phage P22 inner membrane protein that blocks DNA injection by superinfecting P22-like phages, acting on the gp16/gp20 ejection conduit.
Superintelligence
Superintelligence is a hypothetical general intelligence vastly outperforming the best human brains in every cognitive domain, a concept central to AI risk debates since Bostrom's 2014 book.
Superintelligence (film)
Superintelligence (2020) is an HBO Max romantic sci-fi comedy directed by Ben Falcone, written by Steve Mallory, starring Melissa McCarthy as Carol Peters, chosen by a James Corden-voiced AI to decide humanity's fate; 106 minutes, PG, 30% on Rotten Tomatoes.
Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies
Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies is a 2014 book by the philosopher Nick Bostrom, published by Oxford University Press, arguing that controlling the first superintelligent machine is a one-shot problem.
Superintendencia de Transporte
The Superintendencia de Transporte (Supertransporte) is Colombia's decentralized national entity, attached to the Ministry of Transport, that inspects and controls transport services and infrastructure and protects transport users' rights.
Superintendent (education)
Superintendent (education): chief executive of a school district, hired by the school board to manage operations, budgets, and personnel; also a state-level office (superintendent of public instruction), distinct from principals and commissioners.
Superintendent (police)
Superintendent: senior police rank introduced with the Metropolitan Police in 1829; in England and Wales sits between chief inspector and chief superintendent, carries PACE and RIPA authorisation powers; in the US it can head a department.
Superintendent of police (India)
Superintendent of Police (SP), head of the district police force in most Indian states, typically an IPS officer. Commands law and order, crime prevention and investigation in a police district under the dual system with the District Magistrate, created by the 1861 Police Act.
Superionic conductor
A superionic conductor is a solid material in which one ionic species moves with liquid-like mobility through a rigid crystal, giving exceptionally high ionic conductivity and use in solid-state batteries.
Superionic ice
Superionic water, also called superionic ice or ice XVIII, is a hot, high-pressure phase of water whose protons flow through a rigid oxygen lattice, first observed in 2018 and believed abundant inside Uranus and Neptune.
Superionic thermoelectrics
Superionic thermoelectrics are thermoelectric materials where a liquid-like sublattice of mobile copper or silver ions suppresses heat flow while a rigid framework carries current, as in Cu2Se.
Superior canal dehiscence syndrome
Superior canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS), a third-mobile-window inner ear disorder first described by Minor et al. in 1998, causing sound- and pressure-induced vertigo, autophony, and pulsatile tinnitus, diagnosed by Bárány criteria and repaired surgically.
Superior capsular reconstruction
Superior capsular reconstruction is an arthroscopic shoulder technique, first reported clinically in 2013, that uses a graft to rebuild the superior capsule in massive irreparable rotator cuff tears.
Superior capsule reconstruction
Superior capsule reconstruction is a shoulder surgery for massive irreparable rotator cuff tears, using a tendon graft as a hammock to stabilize the humeral head, reduce pain, and restore motion.
Superior colliculus
Superior colliculus (optic tectum in non-mammals): paired layered midbrain structure integrating visual, auditory, and somatosensory maps to generate saccades, orient head and eyes, detect looming threats, and support attention and categorization.
Superior Donuts (TV series)
Superior Donuts (TV series), also known as the Superior Donuts sitcom, a CBS multi-camera comedy (2017-2018, 34 episodes) starring Judd Hirsch and Jermaine Fowler, adapted from Tracy Letts' 2008 Steppenwolf play about a gentrifying Chicago doughnut shop.
Superior Energy Performance
Superior Energy Performance (SEP) was a US Department of Energy certification program verifying energy performance improvements in industrial facilities, requiring ISO 50001 conformance and concluding in 2025.
Superior highly composite number
A superior highly composite number is an integer that maximizes the divisor-count ratio d(n)/n^ε for some ε, introduced by Srinivasa Ramanujan in his 1915 memoir on highly composite numbers.
Superior laryngeal nerve
Superior laryngeal nerve (nervus laryngeus superior), a vagus nerve branch dividing into an internal sensory branch to the supraglottic larynx and an external motor branch to the cricothyroid muscle; injury causes pitch-range loss and dysphagia.
Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis
Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK, Theodore's syndrome) is a chronic relapsing inflammation of the superior bulbar and tarsal conjunctiva and superior limbus, mainly in women aged 30–55, linked to thyroid eye disease and dry eye.
Superior mesenteric artery
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA): second anterior branch of the abdominal aorta at L1, supplying the midgut from duodenum to splenic flexure via jejunal, ileal, ileocolic, right colic, and middle colic branches; linked to mesenteric ischemia, SMA syndrome, and nutcracker syndrome.
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome, or Wilkie's syndrome, is rare duodenal obstruction from compression of the third duodenum between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery, usually after rapid weight loss; treated first with nutrition and positioning, then duodenojejunostomy.
Superior mesenteric vein
Superior mesenteric vein (SMV): large abdominal vein draining the small intestine, right colon, pancreas, stomach, and appendix; runs right of the superior mesenteric artery and joins the splenic vein behind the pancreas to form the portal vein.
Superior olivary complex
Superior olivary complex (SOC), or superior olive: cluster of auditory nuclei in the caudal pontine tegmentum, first site of binaural convergence; MSO computes interaural time differences, LSO level differences, for sound localization.
Superior orbital fissure
The superior orbital fissure is a cleft in the sphenoid bone connecting the orbit to the middle cranial fossa and transmitting cranial nerves III, IV, V1, and VI.
Superior orders
Superior orders, or obedience to superior orders, is a criminal-law plea that an act was done on a superior's command. Denied by the Nuremberg and Tokyo charters, it survives at the ICC under Rome Statute Article 33 only for war crimes where the order was not manifestly unlawful.
Superior refinery (Cenovus)
The Superior Refinery is an oil refinery in Superior, Wisconsin, the state's only refinery. Built in 1950, it processes 49,000 barrels per day for Cenovus Energy.