All articles starting with S
44,216 articles
Scheherazade (شهرزاد)
Scheherazade (شهرزاد, also Shahrazad, Šahrāzād) is the legendary vizier's daughter and storyteller of One Thousand and One Nights, whose nightly cliffhangers saved her life, and the source figure behind Galland's 1704 translation, Rimsky-Korsakov's suite, ballet, film and feminist retellings.
Scheil dynastic tablet
The Scheil dynastic tablet is an Old Babylonian manuscript of the Sumerian King List, published by Jean-Vincent Scheil in 1911 and held in the British Museum.
Scheimpflug imaging
Scheimpflug imaging is an ophthalmic technique in which a tilted camera photographs slit cross-sections of the anterior eye, building a 3D corneal model used to detect keratoconus.
Scheimpflug tomography
Scheimpflug tomography is an ophthalmic imaging method in which a rotating camera captures cross-sections of the cornea, building a 3D model used mainly to detect keratoconus before refractive surgery.
Scheiner (lunar crater)
Scheiner is a 110.07-km-wide impact crater on the Moon at 60.35°S, 27.81°W, named for the German Jesuit astronomer Christoph Scheiner (1575–1650), recorded as IAU Gazetteer Feature 5364.
Schema (genetic algorithms)
In genetic algorithms, a schema (plural schemata) is a template over {0, 1, } describing a set of candidate solutions, central to John Holland's 1975 schema theorem.
Schema (psychology)
Schema (psychology): a structured packet of prior knowledge guiding perception, comprehension, and memory; rooted in Kant, Bartlett (1932), and Piaget, formalized by Rumelhart, critiqued for weak testability, and linked to vmPFC-hippocampus networks.
Schema drift
Schema drift is the unannounced change of a data source's structure, columns added, removed, renamed, retyped, or redefined, relative to the schema a pipeline expects. Covers five drift types, fingerprinting and statistical detection, quarantine versus review policies, and registry compatibility modes.
Schema evolution
Schema evolution: adapting a database, data format, or vocabulary schema to structural changes (added, renamed, dropped columns, type widening) without losing existing data; distinct from schema versioning, with limited DBMS support and compatibility modes in formats like Avro.
Schema matching
Schema matching is a data integration technique that takes two schemas and produces a mapping between their semantically corresponding elements, central to schema integration, data warehousing, and e-commerce.
Schema registry
Schema registry: a centralized service storing and validating serialization schemas (Avro, Protobuf, JSON Schema) for Kafka, with schema IDs, subjects, versions, and backward/forward/full compatibility modes; Confluent Schema Registry is the reference implementation.
Schema therapy
Schema therapy, developed by Jeffrey Young in the 1990s, is an integrative psychotherapy targeting early maladaptive schemas and modes through limited reparenting, imagery rescripting, and chair work, studied mainly for personality disorders.
Schema-on-read
Schema-on-read defers applying a data schema (structure) until query time, unlike schema-on-write validation at ingestion; used by data lakes, Hadoop, and NoSQL, it trades flexibility for slower queries and divergent reader interpretations.
Schema.org
Schema.org is a collaborative vocabulary of types and properties for publishing structured data about entities on web pages, launched in 2011 by Google, Bing, and Yahoo!.
Schematic
A schematic, or schematic diagram, is a drawing that uses standardized symbols and lines to show how a system functions rather than how it is physically arranged.
Schematron
Schematron is a rule-based schema language for XML that validates documents by evaluating XPath assertions rather than checking a grammar; it is standardized as ISO/IEC 19757-3.
Scheme (mathematics)
A scheme is the basic geometric object of modern algebraic geometry, a locally ringed space built from the spectra of commutative rings, introduced by Alexander Grothendieck in the late 1950s.
Scheme (programming language)
Scheme, also called Scheme Lisp, is a statically scoped dialect of Lisp invented in 1975 by Guy Steele and Gerald Sussman at MIT, prized for its simple semantics.
Scheme-theoretic image
The scheme-theoretic image of a morphism f: X → Y is the smallest closed subscheme of Y through which f factors, cut out by the kernel of O_Y → f*O_X.
Schempp-Hirth
Schempp-Hirth Flugzeugbau GmbH is a German sailplane manufacturer founded by Martin Schempp in 1935, based in Kirchheim unter Teck and known for the Ventus and Arcus.
Schempp-Hirth Ventus
The Schempp-Hirth Ventus is a family of single-seat high-performance racing sailplanes built by Schempp-Hirth in Germany, first flown in 1980 and still in production as the Ventus-3.
Schenck v. United States
Schenck v. United States, 249 U.S. 47 (1919), a unanimous Supreme Court decision by Justice Holmes upholding Espionage Act convictions of Charles Schenck and Elizabeth Baer for anti-draft leaflets, which established the clear and present danger test later replaced by Brandenburg's imminent lawless action standard.
Schenectady County
Schenectady County, New York, a county formed from Albany County on March 7, 1809, with county seat Schenectady; about 160,000 residents, 206 square miles, Mohawk River location, General Electric and locomotive manufacturing heritage.
Schenectady, New York
Schenectady, New York: a Mohawk River city in the Capital Region, settled 1661, chartered 1798, home of General Electric's founding works, Union College, Proctors Theatre, and Mohawk Harbor; 2020 population 67,047.
Schengen Agreement
The Schengen Agreement, signed 14 June 1985 by Belgium, Germany, France, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, created Europe's border-free Schengen area, now 29 countries with over 450 million people, integrated into EU law by the Amsterdam Treaty.
Schengen Area
The Schengen Area, also known as the Schengen zone, is a group of 29 European countries, 25 EU members and 4 associates, with no internal border checks.
Schenley High School
Schenley High School was a public high school in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, established in 1855 as the city's first public high school, with its building closing in 2008.
Scherer Steam Generating Station
Plant Scherer, also called the Scherer Steam Generating Station, is a coal-fired power plant in Juliette, Georgia, operated by Georgia Power with nearly 3,720 MW.
Scheria Montes
Scheria Montes, a mountain group on Saturn's moon Tethys, is the horseshoe-shaped central peak complex of the 400-km Odysseus impact basin; 185 km across, IAU-approved 2008, named for Odysseus' island Scheria.
Scherrer equation
The Scherrer equation, also called the Scherrer formula, relates X-ray diffraction peak broadening to crystallite size. Paul Scherrer published it in 1918, and it remains the most used size-estimation method.