All articles starting with S
44,216 articles
Sensitive area
Sensitive area: a legally designated or recognized location vulnerable to environmental harm, defined in EU/UK EIA law, EU wastewater directives, and national ecologically sensitive area designations in India, Sri Lanka, and US county planning.
Sensitivity analysis
Sensitivity analysis, also called what-if analysis, studies how uncertainty in a model's output can be apportioned to its inputs, complementing uncertainty analysis in model building.
Sensitivity analysis for unmeasured confounding
Sensitivity analysis for unmeasured confounding is a family of statistical methods assessing how strong hidden confounding would have to be to change an observational study's causal conclusion.
Sensitivity and specificity
Sensitivity and specificity are paired statistical measures of a diagnostic test's performance: the probability that a person with the condition tests positive, and that a person without it tests negative.
Sensitivity coefficient
A sensitivity coefficient in measurement science is the partial derivative of a measurement model with respect to an input quantity, converting each input's uncertainty into a contribution to the result.
Sensitivity encoding (MRI)
Sensitivity encoding (SENSE) is a parallel MRI technique, introduced in 1999 by Pruessmann and colleagues, that uses receiver coil sensitivities to shorten scan times and remains widely used clinically.
Sensitivity function
The sensitivity function is a transfer function of a feedback control loop, S = 1/(1+L), measuring sensitivity to reference signals, disturbances, and plant changes, and central to frequency-domain design.
Sensitivity training
Sensitivity training is a group-based organizational development method, best known as the T-group, in which small unstructured groups use feedback to build self-awareness and interpersonal sensitivity; it originated with Kurt Lewin in 1946.
Sensitization
Sensitization is a form of non-associative learning in which behavioral responses are amplified after an aversive or noxious stimulus, classically studied in the Aplysia gill- and siphon-withdrawal reflex.
Sensō-ji (浅草寺)
Sensō-ji, also called Asakusa Kannon, is a Buddhist temple in Tokyo's Asakusa district dedicated to Kannon, founded in 628 and the oldest temple in Tokyo.
Sensodyne
Sensodyne is a toothpaste brand for people with sensitive teeth, first launched in 1961 by Block Drug as the first desensitizing toothpaste and now owned by Haleon.
Sensor
A sensor is a device that responds to a physical stimulus such as heat, light, or pressure and converts it into an electrical signal for measurement or control.
Sensor calibration
Sensor calibration is a measurement engineering procedure that compares a sensor's indications against measurement standards of known value and uses that relation to obtain correct measurement results from future indications.
Sensor DegS
DegS (HhoB), an E. coli inner-membrane HtrA-family serine protease trimer with one PDZ domain, senses misfolded outer-membrane proteins and cleaves RseA to activate the σE envelope-stress response.
Sensor fusion
Sensor fusion is a computational method that combines measurements from multiple sensors, such as GPS and inertial sensors, to produce more accurate and reliable estimates of position, orientation, and other states.
Sensor histidine kinase CpxA
CpxA is the inner-membrane sensor histidine kinase of the CpxRA envelope stress two-component system in E. coli and other Gram-negative bacteria, pairing with CpxR; it has autokinase and phosphatase activities, a periplasmic PAS sensor domain, CpxP inhibition, and antivirulence drug relevance.
Sensor histidine kinase RegB
RegB is the redox-sensing histidine kinase of the RegB/RegA two-component system in Rhodobacter and other proteobacteria, controlling photosynthesis, respiration, and carbon and nitrogen fixation via Cys265 and ubiquinone sensing.
Sensor protein VanS-like
Sensor protein VanS-like (InterPro IPR058212) is a family of membrane sensor histidine kinases, HPK1a class, found in Actinobacteria, that with VanR regulates vancomycin-resistance gene expression via His-to-Asp phosphotransfer.
Sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy
Sensor-augmented insulin pump (SAP) therapy combines an insulin pump with continuous glucose monitoring, dosing manually; it is a precursor of automated insulin delivery.
Sensorineural hearing loss
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL): inner ear hearing loss from damaged cochlear hair cells or auditory nerve fibers, caused by aging, noise, ototoxic drugs, Ménière's disease, or genetics; permanent, managed with hearing aids, cochlear implants, and now OTOF gene therapy.
Sensorium
Sensorium (plural sensoria): the sensory apparatus or brain regions receiving and interpreting sensations; historically the sensorium commune, seat of sensation; also a mouse visual cortex ML benchmark.
Sensory Aids
Sensory aids are devices and materials that extend the senses, chiefly for visual or hearing impairment, including hearing aids, cochlear implants, low-vision aids, and cross-sensory substitution devices; MeSH D012682.
Sensory Art Therapies
Sensory Art Therapies (MeSH D026421, 2002): therapies using arts or directed at the senses, covering art, music, dance, play, color, aroma, and acoustic stimulation; evidence strongest for dementia dyads and state anxiety, weak for chronic pain.
Sensory ataxic neuropathy-dysarthria-ophthalmoparesis syndrome
SANDO (sensory ataxic neuropathy-dysarthria-ophthalmoparesis syndrome, ORPHA:70595) is a rare adult-onset autosomal recessive mitochondrial disease caused by POLG mutations, featuring ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, and ophthalmoparesis; valproic acid is contraindicated.
Sensory deprivation
Sensory deprivation, also called restricted environmental stimulation therapy (REST) or float therapy, is the reduction of sensory input. It spans therapeutic flotation tanks, hallucination research since McGill's 1950s experiments, and harmful prolonged isolation.
Sensory ethnography
Sensory ethnography is a qualitative research methodology treating all the senses as central to ethnographic inquiry, introduced by Sarah Pink in Doing Sensory Ethnography (2009) and practiced through participant sensation.
Sensory Feedback
Sensory feedback: a organism's own sensory-system information about a task, movement, or skill (MeSH Feedback, Sensory). Covers proprioceptive and cutaneous sources, spinal sensorimotor circuits, intrinsic versus augmented feedback in motor learning, and wearable haptic feedback devices.
Sensory illusions in aviation
Sensory illusions in aviation are false perceptions of an aircraft's position, attitude, or motion caused by conflicting sensory signals, and they underlie most cases of fatal spatial disorientation.
Sensory integration
Sensory integration is a framework and therapy approach describing how the brain organizes sensory input into adaptive responses, developed by A. Jean Ayres and used in occupational therapy.
Sensory nervous system
The sensory nervous system detects external and internal stimuli through receptors and relays them to the brain, generating touch, pain, vision, hearing, and other senses.