All articles starting with S
44,216 articles
Seqiti War
The Seqiti War (1865 to 1868) was the second of three Basotho wars, fought between King Moshoeshoe I and the Orange Free State over the Caledon River frontier.
Sequel
A sequel continues the story of an earlier work, usually a film, with the same characters and plot elements, distinct from remakes, reboots, and prequels. Long a Hollywood staple since the 1910s, sequels became central studio risk-management and profit drivers after 2000.
Sequela
Sequela (plural sequelae, secuela) is the residual effect remaining after the acute phase of a disease, injury, or treatment ends; coded in ICD-10-CM with seventh character S and in ICD-11 via QC50 clusters, and central to long COVID and post-stroke burden.
Sequelae of diphtheria
Sequelae of diphtheria (ICD-11 1G85): chronic late effects after acute diphtheria, chiefly myocarditis with arrhythmias and conduction block, and motor neuritis with palatal, limb, and diaphragmatic paralysis that usually resolves; cutaneous ulcers scar after 2-3 months.
Sequelae of leprosy
Sequelae of leprosy (ICD-11 1G82): lasting nerve damage, deformities, eye injury, and stigma persisting after Hansen disease treatment, driven mainly by leprosy reactions affecting 40–50% of patients.
Sequelae of poliomyelitis
Sequelae of poliomyelitis are the lasting late effects of a prior polio infection, most notably post-polio syndrome, which causes new muscle weakness, fatigue, and pain decades after recovery.
Sequelae of rickets
Sequelae of rickets: residual skeletal conditions after childhood rickets, chiefly lower limb deformities (genu varum, valgum, windswept), growth deficits, and pelvic deformity, managed by remodeling, hemiepiphysiodesis, or osteotomy.
Sequelae of trachoma
Sequelae of trachoma: trachomatous conjunctival scarring, trichiasis, and corneal opacity following repeated Chlamydia trachomatis infection; WHO grading, entropion mechanism, surgery outcomes, and declining global burden.
Sequelae of tuberculosis
Sequelae of tuberculosis (post-TB lung disease, PTLD, ICD-11 1G80) are long-term consequences after cured TB: chronic lung impairment in roughly half of survivors, plus hearing, neurological, hepatic and mental health sequelae, with rehabilitation the best-supported intervention.
Sequelae of viral encephalitis
Sequelae of viral encephalitis, also called late effects of viral encephalitis (ICD-10 B94.1, ICD-11 1G84), are persistent neurological, cognitive, and psychiatric deficits after viral brain infection, affecting up to 50% of survivors.
Sequelae of vitamin A deficiency
Sequelae of vitamin A deficiency: night blindness, xerophthalmia, Bitot spots, keratomalacia, blindness, anemia, infection susceptibility, and child mortality; leading preventable cause of childhood blindness.
Sequence
A sequence, also called an ordered sequence, is a list of objects in a specified order, formally a function from the positive integers to the real numbers.
Sequence (game)
Sequence (game), Doug Reuter's 1982 Jax Ltd. board-card hybrid: play cards to place chips on a 10x10 card board, two-eyed jacks wild, one-eyed jacks remove, first to five-in-a-row sequences wins.
Sequence alignment
Sequence alignment: arranging DNA, RNA, or protein sequences to maximize a similarity score. Solved pairwise by Needleman–Wunsch (1970) and Smith–Waterman (1981) dynamic programming; multiple alignment is NP-hard and relies on heuristics like Clustal Omega, MAFFT, and MUSCLE.
Sequence boundary
A sequence boundary is a surface in sequence stratigraphy separating older from younger depositional sequences, usually an unconformity formed by erosion during falling sea level.
Sequence clustering
Sequence clustering is a computational method that groups similar biological sequences into clusters exceeding a similarity threshold, supporting database redundancy reduction, protein family grouping, and OTU definition.
Sequence diagram
A sequence diagram, also called a system sequence diagram or event-trace diagram, is a UML interaction diagram showing message exchanges between objects or actors, arranged with time running down the vertical axis.
Sequence distribution
Sequence distribution describes the arrangement of monomer units along a copolymer chain, typically measured by quantitative carbon-13 NMR, and governs crystallinity, strength, and degradation behavior.
Sequence homology
Sequence homology: shared ancestry between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, inferred from statistically significant similarity (E-values, bit scores) in BLAST, FASTA, or HMMER searches; split into orthologs and paralogs, with remote homologs detected in the 20-35% identity twilight zone.
Sequence mining
Sequence mining, also known as sequential pattern mining, is a data mining method that finds frequently occurring subsequences in ordered data such as customer transactions, clickstreams, and biological sequences.
Sequence parallelism
Sequence parallelism (SP) is a distributed-training technique that splits a transformer's sequence dimension across multiple devices, letting models train on very long sequences such as the 1-million-token contexts demonstrated by DeepSpeed-Ulysses.
Sequence recall
Sequence recall is a memory task in which participants learn and reproduce an ordered list of items, the dominant laboratory tool for assessing serial-order memory.
Sequence stratigraphy
Sequence stratigraphy is a stratigraphic method that subdivides sedimentary successions into genetically related units bounded by unconformities and their correlative surfaces, reconstructing depositional history and underpinning petroleum exploration.
Sequence-based typing
Sequence-based typing (SBT) is an HLA typing method that uses Sanger sequencing of PCR-amplified gene segments against curated databases for allele-level resolution, described as the gold standard and widely used since 1996.
Sequence-defined polymers by automated synthesis
Sequence-defined polymers are synthetic macromolecules with a perfectly controlled monomer order and defined chain length, built by automated solid-phase synthesis, with uses in data storage and drug delivery.
Sequence-level knowledge distillation
Sequence-level knowledge distillation (Seq-KD) is a model-compression technique that trains a smaller student model on complete sequences generated by a larger teacher, introduced by Kim and Rush in 2016.
Sequence-to-sequence learning
Sequence-to-sequence learning (seq2seq) is a machine learning approach in which an encoder and decoder neural network map input sequences to output sequences of different lengths.
Sequenced archaeal genomes
Sequenced archaeal genomes: complete and draft genome sequences of Archaea, beginning with Methanocaldococcus jannaschii in 1996, the first archaeon and third organism sequenced, now over 22,000 genomes in GTDB.
Sequences (book)
Sequences is a two-volume mathematics monograph by Heini Halberstam and K. F. Roth on the addition of sequences of integers, published by Clarendon Press in 1966.
Sequencing batch reactor
A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is a wastewater treatment process in which aeration, reaction, settling, and decanting occur sequentially in one tank, treating municipal and industrial wastewater.