All articles starting with S
44,216 articles
Sequent
A sequent is an expression Γ ⇒ Δ in a formal logic, read as yielding the right side from the left, introduced by Gerhard Gentzen in his 1934/35 dissertation.
Sequent calculus
The sequent calculus, or Gentzen calculus, is a formal proof system for logic introduced by Gerhard Gentzen in 1934, a central tool of structural proof theory.
Sequenta
Sequenta was a South San Francisco genomics company founded in 2008 that developed the ClonoSight MRD test for blood cancers and was acquired by Adaptive Biotechnologies in 2015.
Sequential analysis
Sequential analysis is the branch of statistics in which the sample size is not fixed in advance but is determined by the data as they accumulate.
Sequential chemotherapy
Sequential chemotherapy is a cancer treatment strategy in which drugs are given one after another rather than together, allowing higher per-cycle doses; in metastatic breast cancer it shows no survival difference from concurrent treatment.
Sequential consistency
Sequential consistency is a memory consistency model in which all processors' operations appear to run in one sequential order, defined by Leslie Lamport in 1979.
Sequential convex programming
Sequential convex programming (SCP) is an optimization method that solves nonconvex problems by repeatedly solving convex subproblems until convergence, used in rocket landing guidance and robot motion planning.
Sequential design (statistics)
A sequential design is a statistical experiment plan in which data are collected and analyzed in stages, with the decision to stop made adaptively as results accumulate.
Sequential estimation
Sequential estimation is a statistical method in which the sample size is not fixed in advance but chosen as results come in, stopping once a desired precision is met.
Sequential extraction
Sequential extraction, also called the sequential extraction procedure, is a chemical analysis method that leaches a solid sample with increasingly aggressive reagents to partition elements into fractions.
Sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization
Sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization (seqFISH) is a multiplexed RNA imaging method that repeatedly hybridizes, images, and strips probes to barcode transcripts in fixed cells.
Sequential Gaussian simulation
Sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS, also written SGSIM) is a geostatistical algorithm that builds Gaussian random field realizations by kriging each value, quantifying uncertainty across ensembles of realizations.
Sequential hermaphroditism
Sequential hermaphroditism: sex change during life, as protandry (male-to-female, e.g., anemonefish), protogyny (female-to-male, e.g., wrasses), or bidirectional change; explained by the size-advantage model and documented in over 450 fish species.
Sequential injection analysis
Sequential injection analysis is a computer-controlled flow technique that meters sample and reagent zones through one channel to a detector, introduced by Ruzicka and Marshall in 1990.
Sequential manual transmission
A sequential manual transmission is a manual gearbox that selects gears only in order, one step up or down, using a ratcheting drum instead of an H-pattern.
Sequential mechanism
A sequential mechanism is a kinetic mechanism for multisubstrate enzyme reactions in which all substrates bind before any product is released, forming a ternary complex.
Sequential minimal optimization
Sequential minimal optimization (SMO) is an algorithm introduced by John Platt in 1998 for training support vector machines by solving small two-multiplier quadratic programming subproblems analytically.
Sequential Monte Carlo and particle-filtering software
Sequential Monte Carlo and particle-filtering software implements sampling algorithms for Bayesian inference in state-space models, propagating weighted particles over time for online estimation, forecasting, and parameter estimation via particle MCMC.
Sequential multiple assignment randomized trial
A sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) is a multi-stage randomized trial that compares adaptive treatment strategies, re-randomizing participants at later decision points based on their response to earlier treatment.
Sequential pattern mining
Sequential pattern mining is a data mining method that discovers frequent ordered sequences of events in sequence databases such as customer purchase histories and event logs.
Sequential probability ratio test
The sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) is a hypothesis-testing method introduced by Abraham Wald in 1943, where sampling stops as soon as a likelihood-ratio threshold is crossed.
Sequential quadratic programming
Sequential quadratic programming (SQP) is a class of methods for nonlinearly constrained optimization that solves a sequence of quadratic programming subproblems, popularized in the late 1970s.
Sequential recommendation with deep learning
Sequential recommendation with deep learning predicts the next item a user will interact with from their ordered, timestamped interaction history; self-attention models such as SASRec (2018) dominate benchmarks.
Sequential suppression of bottomonium states
Sequential suppression of bottomonium states is the ordered melting of Υ(1S), Υ(2S), and Υ(3S) in nuclear collisions, proposed by Matsui and Satz in 1986 as a quark-gluon plasma signature.
Sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography
Sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography (STAMP) is an ultrafast imaging method, proposed in 2014 by a University of Tokyo-led team, that records a burst of frames from a single laser shot.
Sequim, Washington
Sequim (sxʷčkʷíyəŋ), Washington, a Clallam County city of about 8,200 in the Olympic rain shadow near Dungeness, known for dry climate, lavender farms, and the Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe.
Sequin
A sequin is a small, shiny disc sewn onto fabric as a decoration, catching the light; among the oldest clothing ornaments, descending from ancient Egyptian gold plates.
Sequoia (genus)
Sequoia is a monotypic conifer genus of the cypress family containing the coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), the world's tallest tree, up to 112 m; giant sequoia now sits in Sequoiadendron, and the hexaploid redwood genome is 26.5 Gbp.
Sequoia Capital
Sequoia Capital is an American venture capital firm founded in 1972 in Menlo Park, California, that invests from seed stage through growth and holds public positions.
Sequoia Capital China Growth Partners
Sequoia Capital China Growth Partners is a line of dollar-denominated growth-stage venture capital funds raised as Cayman Islands limited partnerships by Sequoia Capital China, filing from Menlo Park, California.