All articles starting with S
44,216 articles
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is the Internet standard protocol for transferring email between servers over TCP, first defined in RFC 821 in August 1982.
Simple Minds
Simple Minds: Scottish rock band formed in Glasgow in 1977 from Johnny & the Self-Abusers, led by Jim Kerr and Charlie Burchill. Known for New Gold Dream (1982), Sparkle in the Rain (1984), and the US number-one "Don't You (Forget About Me)"; new album Sacrosanct due 2027.
Simple module
A simple module, also called an irreducible module, is a nonzero module over a ring whose only submodules are zero and itself, corresponding to irreducible representations.
Simple Network Management Protocol
The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an Internet-standard application-layer protocol for monitoring and managing network devices such as routers and switches, in use since 1990 and now recommended only in its secure SNMPv3 form.
Simple past
The simple past (past simple, preterite, past indefinite) is the English tense for completed actions, habits, and states at a definite past time, formed with -ed or irregular forms and did in questions and negatives.
Simple Plan
Simple Plan, Canadian pop-punk band formed 1999 in Montreal by Pierre Bouvier, Chuck Comeau, Jeff Stinco, Sebastien Lefebvre, and David Desrosiers; debut No Pads, No Helmets…Just Balls (2002), breakthrough Still Not Getting Any... (2004) with Welcome to My Life.
Simple preference optimization
Simple preference optimization (SimPO) is a reference-free preference optimization algorithm for aligning large language models, introduced by Princeton NLP in May 2024 as a simpler alternative to DPO.
Simple present
Simple present (present simple): English verb form using the base verb with third-person-singular -s, for habits, general truths, permanent states, timetable futures, and instructions; negatives and questions use do/does.
Simple random sample
A simple random sample is a sample drawn so that every subset of units has the same chance of selection, the baseline probability sampling design in statistics.
Simple renal cyst
Simple renal cyst (simple kidney cyst): benign, thin-walled, fluid-filled sac in the kidney, found in about 1 in 10 people and nearly 1 in 5 over age 50, more common in men; usually symptomless, treated only if symptomatic with sclerotherapy or laparoscopic surgery.
Simple Sabotage Field Manual
Simple Sabotage Field Manual: 1944 OSS guide (authorized by Donovan, declassified by CIA in 2008) teaching citizen-saboteurs in occupied Europe to disrupt the enemy via petty physical damage and organizational obstruction tactics.
Simple Service Discovery Protocol
The Simple Service Discovery Protocol (SSDP) is a UDP-based protocol for advertising and discovering services on local networks, best known as the discovery layer of UPnP.
Simple set (computability theory)
A simple set, introduced by Emil Post in 1944, is a recursively enumerable set of natural numbers whose complement is infinite but contains no infinite recursively enumerable subset.
Simple suspension bridge
A simple suspension bridge is a bridge whose walkway lies on or between two sagging cables anchored at each end, without vertical suspenders, so it is restricted to pedestrians and suits difficult terrain.
Simple theory (model theory)
In model theory, a simple theory is a complete first-order theory in which no formula has the tree property. Introduced by Shelah, the class properly contains the stable theories.
Simple Verses
Simple Verses (Versos sencillos) is an 1891 collection of 46 poems by the Cuban poet and patriot José Martí, published in New York during his exile from Cuba.
SimpleBet
SimpleBet was a New York-based B2B sports-betting technology company founded in 2018 that used machine learning to turn live sports moments into bettable micro-markets; DraftKings acquired it in 2024.
SimpleFOC
SimpleFOC, also known as Arduino-FOC or Arduino Simple Field Oriented Control, is an open-source MIT-licensed Arduino library implementing field oriented control of brushless DC and stepper motors on hobby-grade microcontrollers.
SimpleQA
SimpleQA is an OpenAI factuality benchmark released in November 2024, containing 4,326 short fact-seeking questions with single verifiable answers, built adversarially against GPT-4 to measure hallucination rates.
Simplex
A simplex, plural simplexes or simplices, is the simplest convex polytope of a given dimension, the convex hull of k + 1 points: point, segment, triangle, tetrahedron, and beyond.
Simplex algorithm
The simplex algorithm, also called the simplex method, is a pivoting method for solving linear programs by moving between vertices of the feasible polyhedron. George Dantzig formulated it in 1947.
Simplex architecture
The Simplex architecture is a runtime assurance design pattern in which a verified-safe baseline controller takes over from an unverified advanced controller when safety is at risk.
SimpleX Chat
SimpleX Chat is a free, open-source messaging platform, first released in 2022, whose protocol assigns users no identifiers of any kind, not even random numbers.
Simplex lattice design
A simplex lattice design is a design of experiments for mixture problems, varying component proportions over a simplex to fit a response surface from few runs.
Simplicial complex
A simplicial complex, also called a geometric simplicial complex, is a combinatorial structure of vertices and simplices used to encode topological spaces as finite data.
Simplicissimus
Simplicissimus (Der abenteuerliche Simplicissimus Teutsch) is a picaresque novel by Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen, first printed in 1668 and set in the Thirty Years' War.
Simplicius
Simplicius was the 47th pope, in office from 468 to 483, whose pontificate spanned the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the disputes leading to the Acacian schism.
Simplicius Simplicissimus
Simplicius Simplicissimus is the protagonist and narrator of The Adventurous Simplicissimus, Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen's 1668 picaresque novel set in the Thirty Years' War.
Simplified Acute Physiology Score
The Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) is an ICU severity scoring system; its standard version, SAPS II, uses 17 variables from the first 24 hours to predict hospital death.
Simplified Aid For EVA Rescue
The Simplified Aid For EVA Rescue (SAFER) is a small propulsive backpack worn on spacewalks, letting a drifting astronaut fly back to the spacecraft if a tether fails.