All articles starting with S
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Socorro Independent School District
Socorro ISD (SISD) is an El Paso County, Texas public school district serving about 47,500 students, TEA-rated B (87), highest-scoring in the El Paso region, with a 2026 tax ratification election on the November ballot.
Socorro Island
Socorro Island (Isla Socorro), largest of Mexico's four Revillagigedo Islands, a volcanic island rising to Volcán Evermann (1,040 m) about 400 km southwest of Cabo San Lucas, with high plant and bird endemism, World Heritage status since 2016, and famous giant manta ray diving.
Socorro springsnail
Socorro springsnail (Pyrgulopsis neomexicana) is a tiny 2.5 mm endangered hydrobiid snail found only at Torreon Springs, Socorro County, New Mexico, with 2.4 m of habitat left after impoundment; federally listed endangered in 1991.
Socorro, Santander
Socorro, also written El Socorro, is a municipality and provincial capital in Santander, Colombia, the main seat of the 1781 Comunero insurrection and of the 1810 declaration of independence.
Socotra
Socotra (سقطرى), Yemeni archipelago in the northwest Indian Ocean near the Gulf of Aden; UNESCO Natural World Heritage Site 2008 with 37% endemic plants, 90% endemic reptiles, 95% endemic land snails, dragon's blood trees, and threats from goats, cyclones, and Yemen's civil war.
Socotra Archipelago Biosphere Reserve
Socotra Archipelago Biosphere Reserve, a UNESCO Man and Biosphere reserve designated in 2003 off Yemen's coast, covering 2,195,500 ha with 37% endemic plants, 90% endemic reptiles, and overlapping World Heritage and Ramsar designations.
Sócrates
Sócrates (Sócrates Brasileiro Sampaio de Souza Vieira de Oliveira, 1954–2011), Brazilian doctor-captain of the 1982 World Cup team and Corinthians Democracy leader; died aged 57 in 2011.
Socrates (Σωκράτης)
Socrates (Σωκράτης, c. 469–399 BC) was an Athenian philosopher who wrote nothing and is known through Aristophanes, Xenophon, and Plato; famous for the elenchus, his trial for impiety in 399 BC, and death by hemlock.
Socratic dialogue
Socratic dialogue (Sokratikoi logoi): ancient Greek prose genre portraying Socrates questioning interlocutors via the elenchus; survives complete only in Plato and Xenophon, revived by Nelson and now used in AI tutoring.
Socratic method
Socratic method: teaching and inquiry by question and answer without imparting information, centered on the elenchus (refuting cross-examination), Socratic irony, aporia, and maieutics, as portrayed in Plato's early dialogues and adapted in modern pedagogy.
Socratic problem
The Socratic problem is the effort to reconstruct the historical Socrates, who wrote nothing, from four divergent ancient sources: Aristophanes' Clouds, Plato, Xenophon, and Aristotle, whose reliability remains disputed.
Socratic questioning
Socratic questioning: disciplined question-and-answer inquiry named for Socrates (Greek: the elenchus). Used in law, health professions, mathematics, CBT guided discovery, and AI tutors to expose contradictions and build critical thinking.
Socratis Otto
Socratis Otto (born 1970, Sydney) is an Australian NIDA-trained actor known for transgender inmate Maxine Conway in Wentworth (2014–2017), Detective Robert Robertson in Home and Away, Charles Darwin in Darwin's Brave New World, and films including The Matrix Reloaded.
SOCS box domain
SOCS box domain: a ~40-amino-acid C-terminal motif in SOCS1-7, CISH, and over 70 other human proteins (WSB, SSB, ASB, RAR families) that recruits Elongin BC, Cullin5, and Rbx2 to form ECS E3 ubiquitin ligases for proteasomal degradation.
SOCS1
SOCS1, or suppressor of cytokine signaling 1, is an intracellular protein that dampens inflammatory cytokine signaling, most potently inhibiting Janus kinase via a kinase inhibitory region acting as a pseudosubstrate.
SOCS2
SOCS2 (suppressor of cytokine signaling 2, alias SSI-2/CIS2), gene at 12q22, encodes an SH2-domain SOCS-box protein that negatively regulates GH/JAK-STAT signaling; its loss causes 30–50% gigantism in mice.
SOCS3
SOCS3 (suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, CIS3/SSI3, gene ID 9021) is a cytokine-inducible inhibitor of JAK1/JAK2/TYK2 signaling, regulating IL-6, leptin, and G-CSF pathways; dysregulation links to obesity, autoimmunity, and cancer.
Socure
Socure Inc. is an American identity-verification and fraud-prevention software company founded in 2012, headquartered in Incline Village, Nevada, and serving banks, fintechs, and government agencies.
Sod
Sod is farm-grown turfgrass harvested as squares or rolls with soil attached for instant lawns and erosion control; faster but costlier than seed, with an eight-hour post-harvest installation window.
Sod house
The sod house, known on the frontier as a "soddy," was a home built from blocks of prairie grass and earth, used by Great Plains homesteaders where timber was scarce.
Sod's law
Sod's law: British informal adage that whatever can go wrong will, at the worst possible moment; counterpart to Murphy's law. First cited 1963 (OED 1970); explained by selection bias, with Matthews's buttered-toast physics a partial exception.
SOD1 mouse
The SOD1 mouse, most commonly the SOD1-G93A strain, is a transgenic laboratory mouse expressing a mutant human SOD1 gene, created in 1994 as the standard animal model of ALS.
SOD2
SOD2 (MnSOD, manganese superoxide dismutase) is the human mitochondrial matrix enzyme, gene at 6q25.3, that dismutates superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen; knockout mice are nonviable.
Soda
Soda, in trade known as soda ash and historically as washing soda, is sodium carbonate, an alkali refined from trona and used chiefly in glassmaking.
Soda bread
Soda bread: quick bread leavened with baking soda and an acid, usually buttermilk, no yeast. An Irish staple since the 1840s; traditional four-ingredient loaf, Americanized sweet raisin version.
Soda Core
Soda Core (SodaCL) is an open-source Python library and CLI by Soda of Brussels for data quality testing and, since v4 (January 2026, Elastic License 2.0), data contracts, running YAML-defined checks against 18+ sources including Snowflake, Databricks, and BigQuery.
Soda fountain
A soda fountain is a dispensing apparatus that mixes flavored syrup, carbon dioxide, and chilled water to serve carbonated soft drinks, historically in drugstores and now common in quick-service restaurants.
Soda geyser
A soda geyser, also called a Mentos and coke geyser, is a fountain of carbonated liquid produced when dissolved carbon dioxide erupts from a soda, famously after Mentos candy is dropped in.
Soda lake
Soda lake (alkaline lake): a closed-basin lake dominated by sodium carbonates, typically pH 9–12 and often hypersaline. Examples include Lake Van, Mono Lake, and Lake Magadi; habitats of haloalkaliphilic microbes and sources of soda ash.
Soda lime
Soda lime, sold in forms such as Sofnolime, is a granular mixture of calcium hydroxide with sodium and potassium hydroxides that removes carbon dioxide from gas in anesthesia circuits and diving rebreathers.