All articles starting with S
44,216 articles
Sodium azide
Sodium azide (NaN3) is a toxic, colorless crystalline salt of hydrazoic acid, best known as the gas-generating propellant in automobile airbags and as a laboratory preservative.
Sodium benzoate
Sodium benzoate (E 211, NaC6H5CO2) is the sodium salt of benzoic acid, widely used as an antimicrobial preservative in acidic foods, soft drinks, and medicines.
Sodium beta-alumina
Sodium beta-alumina is a family of layered ceramics in which sodium ions move rapidly through conduction planes, serving as the solid electrolyte in sodium-sulfur and ZEBRA batteries.
Sodium bicarbonate
Sodium bicarbonate, commonly called baking soda (NaHCO3), is a white crystalline salt used as a leavening agent in baking, an antacid for heartburn, a household cleaner, and a fire suppressant.
Sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide
Sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, abbreviated NaFSI, is the sodium analog of LiFSI, a conducting salt in sodium-ion and sodium-metal battery electrolytes prized for high solubility and ionic conductivity.
Sodium bismuth titanate
Sodium bismuth titanate (Na₀.₅Bi₀.₅TiO₃, abbreviated NBT or BNT) is a lead-free perovskite ferroelectric, first reported in the 1960s, now widely studied as a lead-free alternative to PZT in piezoelectric devices.
Sodium bisulfate
Sodium bisulfate, also called sodium hydrogen sulfate or sodium acid sulfate, is the monosodium salt of sulfuric acid used to lower pH in swimming pools and acidify food.
Sodium bisulfite
Sodium bisulfite, or sodium hydrogen sulfite (NaHSO3), is a white crystalline salt of sulfurous acid used as a food preservative, in pulp bleaching, and in photography.
Sodium borohydride
Sodium borohydride (NaBH₄), also called sodium tetrahydridoborate, is a white crystalline inorganic salt, first prepared in work published in 1953 and widely used as a mild chemoselective reducing agent.
Sodium bromide
Sodium bromide (NaBr) is a white crystalline salt, highly soluble in water, used in photography, drilling fluids, and water treatment, and as an antiepileptic drug for dogs and cats.
Sodium Butyrate
Sodium butyrate, also known as sodium butanoate, is the sodium salt of butyric acid, a short-chain fatty acid made in the colon and used as a laboratory HDAC inhibitor.
Sodium carbonate
Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), also known as soda ash or washing soda, is an inorganic salt refined from trona or made synthetically, and is used mainly as a flux in glassmaking.
Sodium channel
Sodium channels are transmembrane proteins, chiefly voltage-gated (NaV1.1-1.9) plus epithelial ENaC, that conduct Na+ to drive action potentials; targets of local anesthetics, antiarrhythmics, tetrodotoxin, and the 2025 pain drug suzetrigine.
Sodium chlorate
Sodium chlorate is an inorganic sodium salt and strong oxidizing agent, produced by electrolysis of sodium chloride brine and used mainly to make chlorine dioxide for bleaching paper pulp.
Sodium chloride
Sodium chloride (NaCl) is common salt, an ionic compound of sodium and chloride ions that is the main salt in seawater and the mineral halite.
Sodium chloride deficiency
Sodium chloride deficiency (ICD-11 5B5K.5), salt deficiency from poor intake or losses via diuretics, cystic fibrosis sweat, or GI losses; rare in healthy people, presents as hypovolemic hyponatremia.
Sodium chloride subchlorides
Sodium chloride subchlorides are high-pressure sodium-rich compounds of sodium and chlorine, such as Na3Cl and Na2Cl, first predicted in 2013, overturning the view that NaCl alone is stable.
Sodium chlorides
Sodium chlorides are compounds of sodium and chlorine beyond ordinary table salt, such as NaCl₃ and Na₃Cl, predicted in 2013 and synthesized in diamond anvil cells at high pressure.
Sodium chlorite
Sodium chlorite (NaClO₂) is the sodium salt of chlorous acid, a white crystalline solid used almost entirely to generate chlorine dioxide for bleaching and disinfection.
Sodium chromate
Sodium chromate (Na2CrO4, CAS 7775-11-3), a hexavalent chromium salt used industrially as corrosion inhibitor, textile dyeing auxiliary, and wood preservative; its chromium-51 form is a radiopharmaceutical for red blood cell labeling, now largely retired.
Sodium cyanide
Sodium cyanide (NaCN) is the sodium salt of hydrocyanic acid, a white crystalline solid that is a rapidly fatal poison used to extract gold and silver from ores.
Sodium Deoxycholate
Sodium deoxycholate (deoxycholic acid sodium salt) is the sodium salt of the bile acid deoxycholic acid, used as a detergent for lysing cells and solubilizing membrane proteins.
Sodium diacetoneketogulonate
Sodium diacetoneketogulonate (Diacétoneketogulonate de sodium), EU ID 1142, is a plant growth regulator active substance with no CAS number, not approved in the EU since Regulation 2076/2002, with a default MRL of 0.01 mg/kg.
Sodium diatrizoate
Sodium diatrizoate, also called sodium amidotrizoate, is an iodinated ionic X-ray contrast medium introduced in 1954 as Urografin by Schering, used in gastrointestinal, angiographic, and urographic imaging.
Sodium dichlorophenate
Sodium dichlorophenate, sodium salt of dichlorophenol (C6H3Cl2NaO; 2,4-isomer CAS 3757-76-4, 2,5-isomer CAS 52166-72-0), a former EU fungicide active substance not approved since Regulation 2076/2002 and a 2,4-D manufacturing intermediate.
Sodium Diethyldithiocarbamate
Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DETC, dithiocarb) is an organosulfur chelating agent used in analytical chemistry and rubber processing, and the primary metabolite of the alcoholism drug disulfiram.
Sodium dimethylarsinate
Sodium dimethylarsinate (sodium cacodylate), CAS 124-65-2, C2H6AsNaO2, is the sodium salt of dimethylarsinic acid; an organoarsenic herbicide, soil sterilant, and silvicide, and the major methylated metabolite of inorganic arsenic.
Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate
Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate (SDMC, NaDDC, CAS 128-04-1), sodium salt of dimethyldithiocarbamic acid; dithiocarbamate fungicide, chelating agent, and rubber vulcanizing agent, hydrolyzing fast at acidic pH.
Sodium dithionite
Sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4), also sold as sodium hydrosulfite, is a strong reducing agent used industrially to reduce vat dyes and to bleach pulp, clay, and textiles, but it decomposes in moist air.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sodium dodecyl sulfate, also called sodium lauryl sulfate, is an anionic surfactant used as a detergent and emulsifier in cosmetics and toothpastes and in protein biochemistry.