All articles starting with S

Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate

Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), sold as linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, is an anionic surfactant, the sodium salt of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, used in over 3 million tons of cleaning products yearly.

Sodium ferrous citrate

Sodium ferrous citrate, an iron-sodium citrate salt, is a dietary iron fortificant cleared via FDA GRAS Notice GRN 441 (Eisai, 2013) and used in Japan as an oral iron preparation for iron deficiency anemia.

Sodium fluorescein

Sodium fluorescein, also known as fluorescein sodium or uranine, is the water-soluble disodium salt of fluorescein, an orange-red dye emitting yellowish-green fluorescence, used in retinal angiography, corneal staining, and tumor surgery.

Sodium fluoride

Sodium fluoride (NaF) is a colorless crystalline or white powdered inorganic salt of sodium and fluoride, used in water fluoridation, toothpaste, insecticides, wood preservation, and glass manufacture.

Sodium fluoroacetate

Sodium fluoroacetate, also called Compound 1080 or simply 1080, is the highly toxic sodium salt of fluoroacetic acid, used as a vertebrate pesticide against mammals.

Sodium fluosilicate

Sodium fluosilicate (Na2SiF6, sodium fluorosilicate, disodium hexafluorosilicate; CAS 16893-85-9) is a toxic inorganic fluoride salt formerly used as an insecticide and rodenticide, now used mainly in drinking water fluoridation; not approved as an EU pesticide.

Sodium formate

Sodium formate (HCOONa, CAS 141-53-7, INS 237) is the sodium salt of formic acid, made from carbon monoxide and sodium hydroxide; used in food packaging, fermented dairy cultures (GRN 668, 20 ppm), swine and poultry feed, silage, and pesticides.

Sodium gluconate

Sodium gluconate is the sodium salt of gluconic acid, a chelating agent produced by fermenting glucose with Aspergillus niger and used in food, cleaning, and concrete.

Sodium glycididazole

Sodium glycididazole (甘氨双唑钠, CMNa, brand 希美纳) is a Chinese nitroimidazole hypoxic-cell radiosensitizer given at 800 mg/m2 before radiotherapy for head and neck, esophageal, and lung tumors, improving response rates without added toxicity.

Sodium hexafluorophosphate

Sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF6) is an inorganic sodium salt of the hexafluorophosphate anion and the benchmark electrolyte salt for sodium-ion batteries, though it hydrolyzes with moisture to form hydrofluoric acid.

Sodium hexametaphosphate

Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), also known as Graham's salt, is a water-soluble sodium polyphosphate used as a sequestrant, dispersant, and scale inhibitor in water treatment, food processing, ceramics, and oral care.

Sodium hydride

Sodium hydride (NaH, natrium hydride) is an ionic salt of sodium and hydrogen, best known as a strong, non-nucleophilic base in organic synthesis and as a precursor to sodium borohydride.

Sodium hydrosulfide

Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) is the sodium salt of the hydrogen sulfide anion, a corrosive alkaline solid sold mostly as solution and used in kraft pulping, ore flotation, and leather dehairing.

Sodium hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also known as caustic soda, is a white, corrosive solid and one of the most widely produced industrial bases, used in papermaking and soap.

Sodium hypochlorite

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl, NaClO), also called Javelle water, is an inorganic sodium salt of hypochlorous acid, the active ingredient of household bleach and a water disinfectant.

Sodium in biology

Sodium in biology: the Na+ ion as the main extracellular cation, maintained by the Na/K-ATPase (3 Na+ out, 2 K+ in per ATP, Skou 1957, Nobel 1997), powering action potentials, transport, osmoregulation, and fluid balance.

Sodium iodate

Sodium iodate (NaIO₃) is the sodium salt of iodic acid, a white, water-soluble oxidizing solid used to iodize salt and to induce retinal degeneration in animal models.

Sodium iodide

Sodium iodide (NaI) is a white, hygroscopic ionic salt of sodium and iodide, highly soluble in water and used as an iodide source in medicine, organic synthesis, and radiation detection.

Oct 22, 2026

Sodium iridate

Sodium iridate (Na₂IrO₃) is a layered sodium iridium oxide whose honeycomb lattice of Ir⁴⁺ ions makes it a leading candidate material for the Kitaev quantum spin liquid.

Sodium iron EDTA

Sodium iron EDTA (NaFeEDTA, ferric sodium edetate, sodium feredetate), CAS 15708-41-5, is a chelated iron fortificant approved by JECFA for supervised food fortification, used in high-phytate flours, sugar, soy sauce, and fish sauce.

Sodium iron phosphate

Sodium iron phosphate, NaFePO₄, is a cathode material for sodium-ion batteries with olivine and maricite phases; the related pyrophosphate NFPP entered 10,000-ton production in 2025.

Sodium lactate

Sodium lactate (E-325, CAS 72-17-3), the sodium salt of lactic acid, is a GRAS multifunctional food additive and the buffer in lactated Ringer's (Hartmann's) solution, metabolized in the liver to bicarbonate.

Oct 22, 2026

Sodium layered oxide

A sodium layered oxide is a cathode material for sodium-ion batteries, formula NaxTMO2, with sodium ions between TMO6 slabs and O3, P3, P2, and O2 structural types.

Sodium leak channel NALCN

NALCN (sodium leak channel, non-selective; VGCNL1, Rb21) is a voltage-independent, TTX-resistant four-domain cation channel carrying the major neuronal sodium leak current, with UNC-79/UNC-80 subunits, linked to respiratory rhythm and channelopathies.