All articles starting with S
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Sodium salicylate
Sodium salicylate is the sodium salt of salicylic acid, historically used for rheumatic disease and the parent compound from which aspirin was developed at Bayer in 1897.
Sodium selenate
Sodium selenate is an inorganic sodium salt of selenic acid with the formula Na2O4Se, used in fertilizers, notably in Finland since the 1980s, and as an anticonvulsant.
Sodium selenite
Sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃) is the disodium salt of selenious acid, a white, water-soluble inorganic selenium compound used in animal feed, human dietary supplements, veterinary medicine, and photographic sepia toning.
Sodium silicate
Sodium silicate, also known as water glass or liquid glass, is a family of sodium oxide and silicon dioxide compounds, used mostly in detergents and adhesives.
Sodium silver thiosulfate
Sodium silver thiosulfate (STS, CIPAC 762) is a silver-thiosulfate complex plant growth regulator that blocks ethylene perception in plants, used on cut flowers and ornamentals; EU-approved only for indoor non-edible crops with no specific MRLs.
Sodium sulfate
Sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄), known industrially as salt cake, is a white, water-soluble inorganic salt used mainly as a detergent filler, in kraft pulping, and in glassmaking.
Sodium sulfide
Sodium sulfide is the inorganic salt Na₂S, a yellow to brick-red crystalline solid that releases toxic hydrogen sulfide in moist air and is used mainly in kraft pulping.
Sodium sulfide solid electrolytes
Sodium sulfide solid electrolytes are inorganic sodium-ion conductors such as Na₃PS₄ and Na₃SbS₄, whose soft, highly polarizable lattices give liquidlike conductivity but suffer moisture sensitivity and narrow electrochemical stability windows.
Sodium sulfite
Sodium sulfite (Na₂SO₃) is an inorganic sodium salt of sulfurous acid, a white crystalline reducing agent used in paper processing, water treatment, and food preservation.
Sodium superionic conductor electrolytes for all-solid sodium cells
Sodium superionic conductor (NASICON) electrolytes, including the sodium zirconium silicophosphate family, are solid materials used as the ion-transport layer in all-solid-state sodium batteries.
Sodium tartrate
Sodium tartrate is the disodium salt of L-(+)-tartaric acid, obtained as a wine-making byproduct and used as a food emulsifier, pH control agent, and sequestrant.
Sodium taurocholate
Sodium taurocholate is the sodium salt of taurocholic acid, a bile acid formed from cholic acid and taurine, and the standard bile salt in simulated intestinal fluids for drug testing.
Sodium tetraphenylborate
Sodium tetraphenylborate, also called sodium tetraphenylboron or Kalignost, is a white crystalline sodium salt used to precipitate potassium ions in quantitative analysis and studied as an electrolyte for sodium-ion batteries.
Sodium tetrathiocarbonate
Sodium tetrathiocarbonate (STTC, ENZONE) is a water-soluble soil fumigant pesticide, CNa2S4, that releases carbon disulfide and hydrogen sulfide; used against nematodes and fungi, approved in the US but not the EU.
Sodium thiocyanate
Sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN, CAS 540-72-7), also called sodium rhodanide, is the sodium salt of thiocyanic acid, made from sodium cyanide and sulfur, used as a preservative and reagent, toxic to the CNS and thyroid.
Sodium thiopental
Sodium thiopental (thiopentone, Pentothal) is an ultra-short-acting thiobarbiturate anesthetic developed by Abbott with Lundy and Waters in 1934; onset in 30 seconds, 2-5 minute bolus action via redistribution; also used for refractory seizures, raised intracranial pressure, and formerly lethal injection.
Sodium thiosulfate
Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3), historically "hypo," is a water-soluble inorganic sodium salt best known as the photographic fixer, the standard iodometry titrant, and part of the cyanide poisoning antidote regimen.
Sodium titanate cathode
Sodium titanate cathode is a term sometimes applied to sodium titanate materials, chiefly layered Na₂Ti₃O₇, used as anodes in sodium-ion batteries at about 0.3 V.
Sodium trifluoroacetate
Sodium trifluoroacetate, the sodium salt of trifluoroacetic acid, is a white hygroscopic crystalline powder used chiefly as an inexpensive trifluoromethyl (CF₃) source in organic synthesis and in environmental studies of trifluoroacetate.
Sodium triphosphate
Sodium triphosphate, also called sodium tripolyphosphate or STPP, is an inorganic compound used as a detergent builder, water treatment agent, and food additive, phased out of laundry detergents over eutrophication.
Sodium tungstate
Sodium tungstate is an inorganic sodium salt of tungstic acid with the formula Na₂WO₄, a white, highly water-soluble crystalline solid that serves as the key intermediate in tungsten metallurgy.
Sodium vanadium fluorophosphate
Sodium vanadium fluorophosphate (Na₃V₂(PO₄)₂F₃, commonly abbreviated NVPF) is a polyanionic cathode material for sodium-ion batteries, first synthesized in 1999 and used in TIAMAT's commercial cells.
Sodium vanadium phosphate
Sodium vanadium phosphate, abbreviated NVP, is a NASICON-family compound used as a cathode material in sodium-ion batteries, with a 3.4 V operating voltage and 117.6 mAh/g theoretical capacity.
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC), formerly ZS-9 and sold as Lokelma by AstraZeneca, is a non-absorbed oral potassium binder approved in 2018 to treat hyperkalemia in adults.
Sodium-air battery
A sodium-air battery is a metal-air electrochemical cell that oxidizes a sodium anode and reduces oxygen at the cathode, studied as an inexpensive, high-energy alternative to lithium-ion batteries.
Sodium-calcium exchanger
The sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX, SLC8 family: NCX1/2/3) is a plasma-membrane antiporter exchanging 3 Na+ for 1 Ca2+ in most animal cells, distinct from K+-dependent NCKX (4Na+:1Ca2++K+); it extrudes Ca2+ rapidly at low affinity and is central to cardiac calcium cycling and digitalis action.
Sodium-cooled fast reactor
A sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) is a nuclear reactor that uses liquid sodium coolant and fast neutrons without a moderator, recycling plutonium and other actinides in a closed fuel cycle.
Sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter deficiency
Sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter deficiency, also called SMVT deficiency or SLC5A6 deficiency (OMIM 618973), is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder impairing intestinal uptake of biotin, pantothenic acid, and lipoate, treatable with high-dose vitamins.
Sodium-glucose transport proteins
Sodium-glucose transport proteins (SGLTs, SLC5 family) are sodium-coupled glucose cotransporters; SGLT1 absorbs glucose in the intestine (2 Na:1 glucose), SGLT2 reabsorbs ~90% of filtered glucose in the kidney, and SGLT2 inhibitors are diabetes drugs.
Sodium-ion battery
The sodium-ion battery, also known as the Na-ion battery, is a rechargeable battery that shuttles sodium ions between electrodes, now commercial in China with lower costs than lithium-ion.