All articles starting with S
44,216 articles
Solution-focused brief therapy
Solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) is a brief psychotherapy that builds solutions from clients' strengths and future goals rather than analyzing problems, typically in about five sessions.
Solution-processed oxide thin-film transistor
A solution-processed oxide transistor is a thin-film transistor whose metal oxide channel is deposited from liquid precursors by coating or printing rather than vacuum deposition.
Solution-processed thermoelectrics
Solution-processed thermoelectrics are thermoelectric materials synthesized or deposited from a liquid phase, such as a nanoparticle dispersion, polymer solution, or printable ink, rather than by conventional high-temperature solid-state methods.
Solutional cave
Solutional cave (solution cave, karst cave): natural cavity formed when carbonic or sulfuric acid water dissolves limestone, dolomite, marble, gypsum, or halite along joints and bedding; Mammoth Cave exceeds 400 miles.
Solutrean
Upper Paleolithic culture of southwestern Europe (c. 26,500–23,000 years ago), named after Solutré, France; defined by flat, bifacially retouched leaf-shaped points and linked to the Last Glacial Maximum.
SOLV Energy
SOLV Energy is a San Diego-based company providing engineering, procurement, and construction and operations services for utility-scale solar and battery storage projects across the United States.
Solvable group
A solvable group, also called a soluble group, is a group built up from abelian groups by a finite chain of extensions, central to Galois theory.
Solvang, California
Solvang, California: a Santa Ynez Valley city in Santa Barbara County founded in 1911 by Danish immigrants, known for Danish-style architecture and about 1 million annual visitors; incorporated 1985, population about 6,000.
Solvated electron
A solvated electron is a free electron stabilized by solvent molecules, the smallest possible anion, seen in blue alkali-metal solutions in liquid ammonia and as the hydrated electron in water.
Solvation
Solvation is any stabilizing interaction between a solute and a solvent, involving electrostatic forces, van der Waals forces, and hydrogen bonding, with solvent molecules forming a solvation shell around the solute.
Solvation dynamics
Solvation dynamics is the time-dependent response of a solvent, usually a polar liquid, to a change in a solute's charge distribution, observed as the time-dependent Stokes shift of fluorescence after ultrashort excitation.
Solvation free energy
Solvation free energy is the Gibbs free-energy change when a solute passes from the gas phase into a solvent; in water it is called the hydration free energy.
Solvation model
A solvation model is a computational chemistry method representing how a solvent affects a solute's energies and properties, via implicit continuum or explicit molecular models.
Solvation number
The solvation number of an ion is the number of solvent molecules tightly bound to it in solution, called the hydration number in water, and it varies with the measuring method.
Solvation shell
A solvation shell is the layer of solvent molecules that surrounds a dissolved ion or molecule, called the hydration shell in water; it affects ion mobility and protein function.
Solvatochromism
Solvatochromism is the pronounced shift in a compound's absorption or emission band when solvent polarity changes, used to measure solvent polarity and probe membranes and proteins.
Solvay
Solvay is a Belgian chemical company in Brussels, founded in 1863 by Ernest Solvay and his brother Alfred; after spinning off Syensqo in 2023 it focuses on soda ash, peroxides, and silica.
Solvay Conference
The Solvay Conference, also known as the Solvay Congress, is a series of invitation-only scientific conferences on physics and chemistry held in Brussels since 1911.
Solvay Mountains
The Solvay Mountains are a mountain group in southern Brabant Island, Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica, rising to 1,590 m at Cook Summit and named for expedition patron Ernest Solvay.
Solvay process
The Solvay process, also called the ammonia-soda process, is an industrial method for making sodium carbonate from salt and limestone, developed by Ernest Solvay in 1861.
Solve Therapeutics, Inc.
Solve Therapeutics, Inc. is a clinical-stage biotechnology company founded in 2021 by David Johnson and former VelosBio colleagues to develop antibody-drug conjugates for solid tumors.
Solved game
Solved game: a game whose perfect-play outcome is known, at three levels (ultra-weak, weak, strong) per Allis. Connect Four (first player wins, 1988) and checkers (draw, 2007) are solved; chess and Go are not.
Solveig field
Solveig is an oil field in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea on the Utsira High, discovered in 2013, producing since 2021, and operated by Aker BP.
Solveig Gulbrandsen
Solveig Gulbrandsen (Solveig Ingersdatter Gulbrandsen), born 1981, Norwegian midfielder; 183 caps and 55 goals for Norway 1998–2015, Olympic gold 2000, EURO silver 2005 and 2013; later TV 2 expert and Olympiatoppen coach.
Solvej Balle
Solvej Balle (born 1962 in Bovrup, Denmark) is a Danish author known for experimental, minimalist fiction and the seven-volume novel On the Calculation of Volume, which won the Nordic Council Literature Prize in 2022.
Solvency II
Solvency II is the European Union's prudential regulatory framework for insurance and reinsurance, applied from 2016 and requiring risk-based capital rather than a fraction of premiums.
Solvent
A solvent, sometimes called a chemical solvent, is the component of a solution present in the larger amount that determines the solution's phase, in which solutes dissolve.
Solvent cage effect
The solvent cage effect is the influence of solvent molecules on reactive species, typically radicals, formed together in solution, which raises the probability that they recombine rather than diffuse apart.
Solvent casting
Solvent casting is a polymer processing technique that makes thin plastic films by evaporating solvent from a spread polymer solution, long used for photographic film.
Solvent dewaxing
Solvent dewaxing is a petroleum refining process that removes wax from lubricating oil stocks by solvent dilution, chilling, and filtration, giving the oil low-temperature fluidity and yielding slack wax.