All articles starting with S

Solvent effects on organic reaction rates

Solvent effects on organic reaction rates are changes in reaction speed, selectivity, and mechanism caused by the solvent; polar aprotic solvents accelerate SN2 reactions, sometimes 200,000-fold.

Oct 22, 2026

Solvent engineering for perovskite films

Solvent engineering for perovskite films controls how thin films crystallize by choosing solvents and an antisolvent, such as toluene, during spin coating; it underpins most high-efficiency perovskite solar cells.

Solvent evaporation method

The solvent evaporation method is a widely used microparticle fabrication technique in which polymer droplets harden as volatile solvent evaporates, applied mainly to pharmaceutical microencapsulation of drugs, proteins, and DNA.

Solvent exchange

Solvent exchange is the replacement of one solvent by another, in chemistry either within the solvation shell of an ion or by swapping the bulk solvent in the lab.

Solvent isotope effect

The solvent isotope effect is the change in a reaction's rate or equilibrium when deuterium oxide replaces water, used to detect proton transfer in the rate-limiting step.

Solvent model

A solvent model represents the environment around a solute either as explicit solvent molecules or as a continuous dielectric medium, typically computing solvation free energy.

Solvent precipitation

Solvent precipitation is a separation and particle-fabrication method in which adding a miscible antisolvent lowers the solute's solubility, yielding crystals, amorphous precipitates, or nanoparticles for purification and fine-particle production.

Solvent Refined Coal process

The Solvent Refined Coal (SRC) process is a US direct coal liquefaction method, developed from the 1960s to the 1980s, yielding a low-sulfur, low-ash fuel.

Solvent Yellow 2

Solvent Yellow 2, also called butter yellow or 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene, is an oil-soluble azo dye used to color oils, waxes, and plastics, and is classified as possibly carcinogenic.

Solvent-free synthesis

Solvent-free synthesis is a class of chemical preparation methods that make compounds without a liquid solvent, using neat reagents, melts, or mechanical grinding such as ball milling.

Oct 22, 2026

Solvent-in-salt electrolyte

A solvent-in-salt (SIS) electrolyte is a battery electrolyte in which salt outnumbers solvent, so anions enter the cation's solvation sheath; the aqueous variant is water-in-salt.

Solvent-induced phase separation

Solvent-induced phase separation, also called nonsolvent-induced phase separation or wet-phase inversion, is a membrane fabrication method in which a cast polymer film precipitates in a nonsolvent bath.

Solventum

Solventum Corporation (NYSE: SOLV), 3M's former Health Care business, is a healthcare company spun off April 1, 2024 via distribution of 80.1% of shares; known for MedSurg wound care (V.A.C., Prevena NPWT), dental, health information systems, and filtration, with $8.2 billion 2023 revenue.

Oct 21, 2026

SOLVE™ study (NCT00825643)

SOLVE (Study of Once-Daily Levemir), NCT00825643: 24-week, ten-country observational study of once-daily insulin detemir added to oral drugs in 17,374 type 2 diabetes patients; HbA1c fell 1.3%, weight −0.6 kg, low hypoglycemia.

Solvothermal synthesis

Solvothermal synthesis, also called the solvothermal process, crystallizes inorganic and hybrid compounds from precursors in a solvent heated above its boiling point in a sealed vessel.

Solway Firth

Solway Firth: mega-tidal estuary of the Irish Sea between Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, and Cumbria, England; carries the Anglo-Scottish border via the River Sark, has the UK's second largest tidal range, and holds the 436 km² Upper Solway Ramsar site and Solway Firth SAC.

Solway Firth Spaceman

The Solway Firth Spaceman, also called the Cumberland Spaceman, is a white helmeted figure that appeared in a 1964 photo taken by Jim Templeton on Burgh Marsh, England.

Oct 20, 2026

Solwezi

Solwezi: mining town and provincial capital of North-Western Province, Zambia, about 590 km from Lusaka; home of the Kansanshi copper mine, Africa's biggest by output, and the T5 highway.

Solya

Solya (Solya Ava Lowe), 20-year-old West Texas singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist; debuted at 16 with the bedroom-produced Fever Dream EP (2023); debut album Queen of Texas (2026, VERSION III), analog-recorded with producer Danny Reisch; distinct from Soleya the electronic artist.

Oct 20, 2026

Solyma

Solyma is an extinct genus of small tellinid bivalves (Conrad, 1870; type S. lineolata, New Jersey) known from Late Cretaceous to Eocene fossils in North America, Argentina, and New Zealand; the name also denotes an ancient Lycian town.

Solyndra

Solyndra was a Fremont, California manufacturer of cylindrical CIGS thin-film solar panels, the first recipient of a $535 million DOE loan guarantee before its 2011 bankruptcy.

Soma (Brave New World)

Soma is the fictional euphoric, hangoverless tranquilliser distributed free by the World State in Huxley's Brave New World (1932), named after the Vedic ritual drink soma; rationed in half-gramme tablets, it symbolizes drug-induced social control.

Soma (drink)

Soma (Sanskrit सोम, cognate with Avestan haoma) was the pressed ritual drink of Vedic sacrifice, deified in the Rigveda's ninth book; its plant identity remains unresolved, with Ephedra, Amanita muscaria, and Peganum harmala the leading candidates.

Soma (Skrillex album)

SOMA is the fifth studio album by American electronic producer Skrillex, released June 5, 2026 on OWSLA/Atlantic; a 13-track, 42-minute surprise drop blending Brazilian phonk, progressive house, techno, and global collaborations.

Soma (video game)

SOMA (Soma) is a 2015 first-person sci-fi survival horror game by Sweden's Frictional Games, creators of Amnesia. Released September 22, 2015 on PC and PS4, it follows Simon Jarrett in the underwater base PATHOS-II, exploring consciousness and identity, with a safe mode and a 2026 spiritual successor, Ontos.