All articles starting with S
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Spanish Main
The Spanish Main was the Spanish-held Caribbean mainland coast called Tierra Firme, and by extension the treasure ports and convoy lanes connecting that coast to Spain.
Spanish Maquis
Spanish Maquis were anti-Franco guerrilla fighters who waged irregular resistance against the dictatorship from 1936 until 1963, marked by the failed 1944 Vall d'Aran invasion.
Spanish March
The Spanish March, also known as Marca Hispánica, was the Carolingian military frontier province south of the Pyrenees, established between 778 and 801, forming the nucleus of the later Catalonia.
Spanish Match
The Spanish Match was the proposed early-17th-century marriage between Charles, Prince of Wales, and the Spanish Infanta María, negotiated on and off from 1603 until its collapse in 1624.
Spanish miracle
The Spanish miracle, or El milagro español, was a period of exceptionally rapid economic growth in Spain from 1959 to 1974, launched by the 1959 Stabilization Plan.
Spanish missions in California
The Spanish missions in California were a chain of 21 Franciscan missions founded beginning in 1769, from San Diego to beyond San Francisco, where Native people were gathered, baptized, and put to work.
Spanish moss
Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides), a gray epiphytic bromeliad of the Americas, not a moss or parasite; feeds via trichomes from air and rain, hosts bats and nesting birds, and once fueled a Southern stuffing industry.
Spanish naming customs
Spanish naming customs: one or two given names plus two surnames, father's first and mother's second, codified in Spain's 1870 Civil Register law and Ley 20/2011, with patronymic -ez surnames and US adaptation problems.
Spanish National Research Council
The Spanish National Research Council, Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), is Spain's largest public research organization, a state agency founded in 1939 and seated in Madrid.
Spanish nationality law
Spanish nationality law governs who is a Spanish national, acquisition by option, carta de naturaleza, residence, and possession of status, residence periods of 1 to 10 years, and loss rules, plus the Democratic Memory Law grandchildren route.
Spanish Navy
Spanish Navy (Armada Española), Spain's naval force. Royal navy founded by Philip V in the early 18th century; today the Fleet commands from Rota, runs S-80 submarines, F-110 frigates, the Juan Carlos I LHD, and NATO standing-group deployments.
Spanish Netherlands
Spanish Netherlands: the southern Low Countries (roughly modern Belgium, excluding Liège) under Spanish Habsburg rule from the Dutch Revolt until the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, then Austrian Netherlands.
Spanish nobility
Spanish nobility (nobleza española): hereditary estate from hidalgos to Grandes de España, defined by honor, crown service, and pure blood; still legally regulated, with about 417 grandezas today.
Spanish occupation of Ternate
The Spanish occupation of Ternate (1606–1663) was Spain's rule over the clove-producing island of Ternate, begun by Governor Pedro Bravo de Acuña's conquest and ended when garrisons withdrew under Dutch pressure.
Spanish omelette
The Spanish omelette, tortilla de patatas or tortilla española, is Spain's thick egg-and-potato omelette cooked in olive oil, optionally with onion; first documented in an 1817 Navarrese memorial, subject of the national con cebolla o sin cebolla debate, and a national symbol.
Spanish orthography
Spanish orthography: the standardized spelling, accentuation, and punctuation system of Spanish, regulated by the RAE and ASALE, codified in the 2010 Ortografía de la lengua española, and characterized as a shallow, transparent system.
Spanish peseta
The Spanish peseta was the currency of Spain from 1868, when it replaced the escudo, until 2002, when the euro took over after more than 130 years.
Spanish phonology
Spanish phonology: the sound system of Spanish, with five vowels /a e i o u/, CV syllable preference, spirantization of /b d ɡ/, and the 15th-17th century sibilant merger that split seseo (Latin America) from distinción (northern Spain).
Spanish profanity
Spanish profanity (tacos, palabrotas, groserías) covers taboo words drawing on sex, genitalia, and bodily functions. It varies by region, gender, age, and education, and Spanish dubbing has shifted from omitting swearwords to intensifying them.
Spanish protectorate in Morocco
The Spanish protectorate in Morocco, commonly called Spanish Morocco, was a colonial protectorate Spain held over northern Morocco from 1912 until 1956, with a southern zone until 1958.
Spanish Rally Championship
The Spanish Rally Championship (Campeonato de España de Rally) is Spain's national rallying series, run by the Real Federación Española de Automovilismo. Since 2021 its flagship title has been the mixed-surface S-CER, alongside the asphalt-only CERA-RECALVI.
Spanish reconquest of Oran (1732)
The Spanish reconquest of Oran was a 1732 campaign by which Philip V of Spain took Oran and Mers el Kébir from the Regency of Algiers.
Spanish Republic at War
The Spanish Republic at war (1936–1939): the Second Spanish Republic as belligerent in the Spanish Civil War against Franco's Nationalists, covering its militia army, the Largo Caballero and Negrín governments, Soviet aid, non-intervention, and defeat.
Spanish Revolution of 1936
The Spanish Revolution of 1936 (Revolución española de 1936) was the social revolution in Republican Spain during the Civil War: workers collectivized factories and land under the CNT-FAI, culminating in the Barcelona May Days of 1937.
Spanish Riding School
The Spanish Riding School, also known as the Hofreitschule, is a Vienna riding institution, traditionally dated to 1565, that trains Lipizzaner stallions in classical dressage.
Spanish Romanticism
Spanish Romanticism (Romanticismo español) was the nineteenth-century literary and artistic movement exalting feeling, nature, and individualism against neoclassical rules, peaking between 1830 and 1840 with writers like Larra, Espronceda, and Zorrilla.
Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences
Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales de España (RAC), Spain's national academy of exact, physical, chemical, geological, and biological sciences; founded by royal decree in 1847 with 36 academicians, now up to 72 numerarios, publishes a quarterly journal since 1850, and is headed by its first woman president, Ana Crespo.
Spanish royal family
The Spanish royal family, also called the Royal House of Spain or House of Borbón-Anjou, is the family of King Felipe VI of Spain, who reigns under the 1978 Constitution.
Spanish Royal Society of Chemistry
The Spanish Royal Society of Chemistry (Real Sociedad Española de Química), founded in 1903 as a physics and chemistry society, has promoted chemistry in Spain since 1980.
Spanish Sahara
Spanish Sahara (Sáhara Español): Spanish-ruled Western Sahara, 1884–1976; overseas province from 1958; Bu Craa phosphates; ended via 1975 Madrid Accords and Green March.