All articles starting with W
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Water cycle algorithm
The water cycle algorithm (WCA) is a nature-inspired metaheuristic for constrained engineering optimization, introduced by Hadi Eskandar and colleagues in 2012, in which streams flow toward rivers and a sea.
Water deer
The water deer, also called the Chinese water deer, is a small antlerless deer native to eastern China and Korea, with males and females both carrying canine tusks.
Water deprivation test
The water deprivation test is a supervised endocrinology procedure that withholds all fluid intake to distinguish central diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and primary polydipsia, often followed by desmopressin.
Water dimer
The water dimer is a pair of water molecules joined by one near-linear hydrogen bond, the archetype of hydrogen bonding, with a binding energy of about 5 kcal/mol.
Water dispenser
A water dispenser is an appliance that dispenses drinking water, typically chilled or heated, from a replaceable bottle or a direct connection to a water line.
Water distribution on Earth
Water distribution on Earth describes how about 332.5 million cubic miles of water is split among oceans, ice, groundwater, and surface waters, with over 96 percent saline.
Water distribution system
A water distribution system, also called a water distribution network, is the network of pipes, pumps, valves, and tanks that carries treated drinking water under pressure from plants to consumers.
Water Dreaming (Johnny Warangkula Tjupurrula)
Water Dreaming refers to paintings of the Kalipinypa Water Dreaming by Johnny Warangkula Tjupurrula, a founding Papunya Tula artist in the Northern Territory of Australia.
Water erosion
Water erosion: detachment and removal of soil by raindrop impact and runoff, in sheet, rill, gully, and streambank forms; predicted with USLE/RUSLE models developed by USDA research since 1929.
Water Erosion Prediction Project model
The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model is a process-based, continuous-simulation computer model predicting water erosion on hillslopes and sediment yield from small watersheds, developed for USDA conservation agencies and delivered in 1995.
Water filter
A water filter, or water filtration system, is a device that removes particles, microorganisms, or dissolved chemicals from water by straining, adsorption, or biological action.
Water flosser
A water flosser, also called an oral irrigator or dental water jet, is a device that cleans between teeth and under the gumline with pulsating water, introduced in 1962.
Water fluoridation
Water fluoridation: controlled addition of fluoride to public water supplies to prevent tooth decay, begun in Grand Rapids, Michigan, in 1945; U.S. target 0.7 mg/L, covering 72.3% of public-water users in 2022.
Water footprint
A water footprint is the volume of freshwater consumed and polluted to produce a product, measured over the full supply chain. The concept was developed by Arjen Y. Hoekstra in 2002.
Water for Elephants
Water for Elephants, Sara Gruen's 2006 Depression-era circus novel (Jacob Jankowski, Marlena, Rosie), a #1 NYT bestseller adapted into a 2011 film and a 2024 Broadway musical with seven Tony nominations.
Water for Elephants (film)
Water for Elephants is a 2011 American romantic drama directed by Francis Lawrence, based on Sara Gruen's 2006 novel, starring Robert Pattinson and Reese Witherspoon.
Water for Elephants (musical)
Water for Elephants is a 2024 Broadway musical adaptation of Sara Gruen's 2006 circus romance novel, with book by Rick Elice, music by PigPen Theatre Co., directed by Jessica Stone, starring Grant Gustin; it ran at the Imperial Theatre, earned seven Tony nominations, and is now touring North America.
Water frame
The water frame, also called the water-twist frame, is a water-powered cotton spinning machine patented by Richard Arkwright in 1769 that made mass production of cotton yarn possible.
Water Framework Directive
The Water Framework Directive (WFD) is Directive 2000/60/EC, the main EU water protection law, requiring Member States to achieve good status for water bodies by managing river basins.
Water gas
Water gas, also called blue gas, is a manufactured fuel gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen made by passing steam over incandescent carbon, first industrialized in 1873.
Water gel explosive
A water gel explosive, also called a slurry explosive, is a gelatinous aqueous blasting material of ammonium nitrate, fuels, and sensitizers, introduced industrially in 1960 and largely displacing dynamite by 1979.
Water hammer
Water hammer, also called fluid hammer, is a pressure wave in a liquid-filled pipe caused by sudden flow changes like rapid valve closure or a pump stopping.
Water heating
Water heating, or direct water heating, raises household water temperature using storage, tankless, heat pump, or solar water heaters fueled by electricity, gas, or solar energy, and accounts for roughly 13% of US residential energy use.
Water horse
Water horse (each-uisge; Irish each uisce, aughisky; Manx cabbyl-ushtey) is a Celtic folklore water spirit in horse form that drowns riders and seduced victims, closely related to and often confused with the Scottish kelpie of river tradition.
Water ice absorption in protoplanetary disks
Water ice absorption in protoplanetary disks is the dimming of infrared light at wavelengths where solid water molecules absorb, mainly a broad band near 3 µm.
Water ice in Mercury's polar craters
Water ice survives in the permanently shadowed floors of craters at Mercury's poles, first detected by radar in 1991 and confirmed by the MESSENGER mission.
Water in California
Water in California is managed through reservoirs, long-distance aqueducts, groundwater basins, and a dual water rights system that moves northern water to drier southern farms and cities.
Water Industry Act 1991
The Water Industry Act 1991 is a UK Act consolidating the law on water supply and sewerage in England and Wales and setting out water companies' duties.
Water Information Sharing and Analysis Center
The Water Information Sharing and Analysis Center (WaterISAC) is a paid membership service sharing security and threat information with US drinking water and wastewater utilities, created in 2002.
Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act
The Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (WIFIA) is a 2014 United States federal law that created an EPA credit program offering long-term, low-cost loans for large drinking water, wastewater, and stormwater projects.