All articles starting with W
11,426 articles
Water potential
Water potential (Ψ) measures the free energy of water in a system relative to pure water, expressed in pressure units, and determines the direction of water movement.
Water pouring puzzle
Water pouring puzzle, also called the water jugs problem: measure an exact volume using unmarked jugs of fixed capacity with fill, empty, and pour moves; solvable iff the gcd of capacities divides the target; classic 3-and-5 jugs for 4 liters.
Water pricing
Water pricing is the set of charges, tariffs, and fees applied to the abstraction, supply, and use of water, serving cost recovery, environmental costs, and scarcity signaling.
Water privatization in Bolivia
Water privatization in Bolivia transferred urban water services to private companies in the late 1990s; the Cochabamba contract collapsed in 2000 amid the Water War protests.
Water protection area
A water protection area is a designated zone around a drinking water source where land use is restricted to keep contaminants from reaching the supply.
Water puppetry
Water puppetry (múa rối nước) is a Vietnamese theater in which lacquered wooden puppets perform on water, a tradition dating to eleventh-century villages in the Red River Delta.
Water purification
Water purification is the removal of undesirable chemicals, microorganisms, and suspended solids from water to make it suitable for drinking, spanning municipal plants and household devices.
Water Purification Pond
Water Purification Pond: a pond used to treat or store water, spanning farm-pond sand-filter systems, ecological landscape and storm water ponds, Pond-In-Pond wastewater treatment, and the historic Tainan Water Purification Pond.
Water quality
Water quality is a measure of how suitable water is for a particular use, such as drinking, irrigation, or recreation, based on physical, chemical, and biological characteristics.
Water Recovery System (ISS)
The Water Recovery System (WRS) on the International Space Station reclaims drinking water from urine and humidity condensate, installed in 2008 and reaching 98 percent recovery in 2023.
Water research
Water Research (Water Res., ISSN 0043-1354) is a peer-reviewed Elsevier journal founded in 1967 by the International Association on Water Pollution Research, covering the anthropogenic water cycle, water quality, and treatment, with companion Water Research X.
Water Resistant mark
The Water Resistant mark is stamped on the back of wrist watches to indicate how well the watch is sealed against water, governed by ISO 22810:2010.
Water resource region (United States)
A water resource region is one of 21 first-level drainage units dividing the United States under the federal hydrologic unit code system, defined by drainage rather than political lines.
Water resources
Water resources are the stocks of water available for use, including groundwater and non-marine surface water; agriculture accounts for roughly 70% of global freshwater withdrawals.
Water Resources Act 1991
The Water Resources Act 1991 is an Act of the UK Parliament regulating water quality, pollution, water resources, and flood defense in England and Wales.
Water Resources Development Act
The Water Resources Development Act (WRDA) is an omnibus US federal law authorizing Army Corps of Engineers projects for navigation, flood risk reduction, and ecosystem restoration.
Water resources management in Bolivia
Water resources management in Bolivia is the framework of laws, institutions, and community practices allocating water, shaped by a 1906 water law, the Cochabamba Water War, and dependence on retreating glaciers.
Water rocket
A water rocket is a model rocket, typically built from a plastic soda bottle partly filled with water, launched by compressed air and used in education and competitions.
Water safety plan
A water safety plan (WSP) is a risk assessment and management approach to drinking-water supply from catchment to consumer, recommended by the World Health Organization since 2004.
Water salute
A water salute, also called a water cannon or water arch salute, is an airport ceremony in which fire trucks arc water over a taxiing aircraft to mark inaugural flights, pilot retirements, or aircraft farewells; adapted from 19th-century maritime fireboat traditions in the late 1990s.
Water sampling
Water sampling is the collection of water from streams, lakes, groundwater wells, and the ocean for physical, chemical, or biological analysis, using grab, composite, and discharge-weighted methods.
Water scarcity
Water scarcity, also known as water shortage, is the condition in which demand for freshwater exceeds available supply in an area, affecting consumption, irrigation, and industry.
Water scarcity in Africa
Water scarcity in Africa, also known as water shortages in Africa, is the inability of African populations, farms, and cities to reliably obtain adequate, acceptable-quality water.
Water scarcity in India
Water scarcity in India, also called water shortages in India, is the shortfall of freshwater against demand, leaving roughly 600 million people facing water stress.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research
Water Science and Technology (Water Sci Technol, ISSN 0273-1223) is a peer-reviewed IWA Publishing journal on wastewater treatment and water quality management, founded 1981, MEDLINE- and SCIE-indexed, open access since 2021.
Water scrubbing
Water scrubbing is a biogas upgrading technique that removes carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from raw biogas with pressurized water, producing biomethane for grid injection or vehicle fuel.
Water shut-off
Water shut-off is a set of petroleum-engineering treatments, mechanical or chemical, that reduce or stop unwanted water production from an oil or gas well, or divert injected water.
Water skiing
Water skiing: towed surface sport invented by Ralph Samuelson on Lake Pepin, Minnesota, 2 July 1922; competitive three-event format of slalom, tricks, and jump governed by bodies such as AWSA and IWWF.
Water slide
Аттракцион "Водные горки" (water slides): inclined-slide water attractions where flowing water regulates speed and braking, classified by GOST R 52603 types 1-7, EN 1069, and ASTM F2376, with defined slope, speed, and safety requirements.
Water snowline imaging in protoplanetary disks
Water snowline imaging in protoplanetary disks locates the radius where water vapor condenses to ice, a boundary that shapes where planets form; ALMA first imaged it in V883 Ori.