All articles A–Z
519,064 articles
Somali Patriotic Movement
The Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM) was an Ogadeni armed group formed in 1989 to fight Siad Barre's regime, then split into rival factions fighting over Kismayo.
Somali people
Somali people (Soomaalida) are a Cushitic ethnolinguistic group of the Horn of Africa, 25-30 million strong, Shafi'i Sunni, clan-organized, speaking Somali, spanning Somalia, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya and a global diaspora.
Somali refugees in Kenya
Somali refugees in Kenya are people who fled Somalia, mostly after civil war broke out in 1991, and live largely in the Dadaab and Kakuma camps and in Nairobi.
Somali Region
Somali Region (Somali Regional State), Ethiopia's second largest regional state at about 350,000 km² with 5.3 million people, a predominantly pastoral, livestock-based economy, recurrent drought, and large internally displaced populations.
Somali Republic
The Somali Republic was an independent state formed on 1 July 1960 by the union of British and Italian Somaliland, ending with a 1969 military coup.
Somali Salvation Democratic Front
The Somali Salvation Democratic Front, also known as the Democratic Front for the Salvation of Somalia, was a Somali opposition group founded in 1981 to overthrow Siad Barre.
Somali shilling
The Somali shilling (SOS) is the de jure currency of Somalia, issued from 1962 until the central bank collapsed in 1991; the US dollar is now the de facto currency.
Somali Youth League
The Somali Youth League (Ururka Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed), founded in Mogadishu in 1943 as the Somali Youth Club, led Somalia to independence in 1960 and dominated its politics until the 1969 coup.
Somalia
Somalia (Federal Republic of Somalia), Horn of Africa country; independent 1960, Barre coup 1969, state collapse 1991, federal government formed 2012 with six member states; Somaliland self-governing and unrecognized; Al-Shabaab insurgency, drought, and aid-dependent economy.
Somalia affair
The Somalia affair was a 1992-1993 Canadian military scandal in which Canadian Airborne Regiment soldiers tortured and killed Somali teenager Shidane Arone, triggering the Létourneau commission, the Dishonoured Legacy report, the regiment's disbandment, and military justice reform.
Somalia sanctions regime and monitoring
The Somalia sanctions regime is the set of UN Security Council measures on Somalia beginning with the 1992 arms embargo, monitored by a Panel of Experts and Monitoring Group in Nairobi.
Somaliland
Somaliland (Soomaaliland), Republic of Somaliland: self-governing de facto state in the Horn of Africa, capital Hargeisa, independent from Somalia since 18 May 1991; unrecognized until Israel's recognition on 26 December 2025.
Somaliland campaign (1920)
The Somaliland campaign, also known as the Fifth Expedition of the Somaliland Campaign, was a 1920 British operation in which the RAF destroyed Mohammed Abdullah Hassan's Dervish power.
Somaliland Declaration of Independence
Somaliland Declaration of Independence: proclamation of 18 May 1991 at Burao by the Somali National Movement and clan leaders, restoring independence from Somalia; unrecognized until Israel's 2025 recognition.
Somaliland Peace Process
The Somaliland Peace Process was the series of clan reconciliation conferences, mostly held 1991–1997, that ended civil war in northwestern Somalia and founded the self-declared Republic of Somaliland.
Somaliland War of Independence
The Somaliland War of Independence was the armed struggle waged from 1981 to 1991 by the Isaaq-led Somali National Movement against President Siad Barre's regime.
Somaliland–Puntland dispute
The Somaliland–Puntland dispute is a territorial conflict between Somaliland and Somalia's Puntland state over the Sool, Sanaag, and Ayn regions, with recurring clashes since 2002, including the 2023 war over Las Anod.
SomaLogic
SomaLogic was a proteomics company in Boulder, Colorado, founded by Larry Gold in 2000; its SomaScan assay measures thousands of proteins from a small blood sample.
Soman
Soman, also known as soman nerve gas, is a human-made organophosphorus nerve agent developed in Germany in 1944, a clear colorless liquid that inhibits acetylcholinesterase and can kill within minutes.
Soman Chainani
Soman Chainani (born 1979, Key Biscayne, Florida) is the American author of The School for Good and Evil fairy-tale series, over 4.5 million copies sold, a 2022 Netflix film, Beasts & Beauty, and the 2026 political thriller Young World.
Soman N. Abraham
Soman N. Abraham is an American immunologist, the Grace Kerby Distinguished Professor of Pathology at Duke University Medical Center, known for mast cell vaccine adjuvants and bacterial expulsion from infected cells.
Somananda
Somananda (सोमानन्द) was a Kashmiri Brahmin and Śākta Śaiva tāntrika, c. 900–950, whose Śivadṛṣṭi founded the Pratyabhijñā (Recognition) school of nondual Kashmiri Śaivism, teaching that all beings are identical with Śiva.
Somapacitan
Somapacitan (Sogroya) is Novo Nordisk's once-weekly, reversible albumin-binding human growth hormone analog for growth hormone deficiency in adults and children 2.5 years and older, FDA-approved August 28, 2020.
Somapura Mahavihara
Somapura Mahavihara (সোমপুর মহাবিহার) is a ruined Buddhist monastery at Paharpur in northwestern Bangladesh, founded in the late 8th century by the Pala king Dharmapala.
Somaraji Taila
Somaraji Taila (Somraji Taila) is a classical Ayurvedic medicated oil led by Bakuchi (Psoralea corylifolia), listed in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India for Shvitra and Kushtha and applied externally for ringworm, vitiligo, and other skin diseases.
SOMAscan assay
The SOMAscan assay, also written SomaScan, is an aptamer-based proteomics platform that measures about 11,000 human proteins from small serum or plasma samples, using modified DNA aptamers called SOMAmers.
Somasekar Seshagiri
Somasekar Seshagiri, known as Sekar Seshagiri, is a cancer genomics researcher who spent 21 years at Genentech and first-authored a 2012 Nature study of R-spondin fusions in colon cancer.
Somaskanda
Somaskanda is an iconographic form of the Hindu god Shiva seated with his consort Uma and their son Skanda, the prevailing family image in Pallava and Chola sculpture.
Somasteroidea
Somasteroidea is an extinct basal class of asterozoan echinoderms, also called somasteroids, defined by rod-like virgal ossicles; known from the Early Ordovician to late Devonian of France, the Czech Republic, and Nevada.
Somateria mollissima
Somateria mollissima, the common eider (Eider à duvet), is a large circumpolar sea duck of Anatidae, the Northern Hemisphere's largest duck, nesting in down-lined colonies and listed IUCN Near Threatened.