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Spong model
The Spong model is the standard lumped-parameter model of elastic joint robots, introduced by Mark W. Spong in 1987, treating each joint as a linear torsional spring.
Sponge
Sponge (phylum Porifera), about 8,550 sessile aquatic filter-feeding animal species with no nervous, digestive, or circulatory systems; choanocytes pump water; likely sister group to all other animals.
Sponge (tool)
A sponge is a porous cleaning implement, natural or synthetic, that holds water and cleaning products by capillarity and releases them under pressure. Natural sponges are the fibrous skeletons of sea animals.
Sponge cake
Sponge cake (bizcocho, bizcochuelo) is a foam-type cake of flour, eggs, and sugar, leavened mainly by air whipped into eggs with 0.1–10% fat, distinct from angel food cake (whites only) and chiffon (oil).
Sponge city
A sponge city is an urban development model where buildings, roads, and green space absorb, store, and slowly release rainwater, best known as China's national stormwater program begun in 2015.
Sponge diving
Sponge diving, the breath-hold and later helmet-based harvesting of bath sponges, centered on the Greek Dodecanese islands of Symi and Kalymnos and later Tarpon Springs, Florida; the scafandro suit (1863–1866) boosted catches but killed thousands of divers.
Sponge ground
Sponge ground: dense deep-sea aggregations of glass sponges and demosponges at 250–1300 m that build habitat and cycle carbon and nutrients; first described as the Holtenia ground in 1873, now OSPAR-listed as threatened by bottom trawling.
Sponge microbiome
The sponge microbiome is the community of bacteria, archaea, and microbial algae living in sponge tissue, often at densities far higher than surrounding seawater and contributing to host metabolism.
Sponge reef
Sponge reef: biogenic seabed structures built by glass sponges (Hexactinellida; Aphrocallistes vastus, Heterochone calyx). Living reefs off British Columbia, discovered 1987, thought extinct 40 million years; Jurassic Tethys belt spanned 7,000 km.
Sponge spicule
A sponge spicule is a needle-like or rayed structural element of silica or calcium carbonate that forms the skeleton of most sponges; spicule shapes distinguish species.
Sponge systematics
Sponge systematics is the branch of taxonomy that classifies sponges (phylum Porifera) above the species level, covering the four living classes, their relationships, and extinct fossil groups.
Sponge-associated organisms
Sponge-associated organisms are the animals living on, in, or with sponges, from snapping shrimp and worms to fishes and crabs that carry sponge pieces as camouflage.
SpongeBob SquarePants
SpongeBob SquarePants, created by marine biologist Stephen Hillenburg for Nickelodeon, is an American animated series that premiered July 17, 1999, set in Bikini Bottom; it has run 17+ seasons, 339+ episodes, four films, and $16 billion in retail sales.
SpongeBob SquarePants (character)
SpongeBob SquarePants is the title sea sponge of Nickelodeon's 1999 animated series, voiced by Tom Kenny, created by marine biologist Stephen Hillenburg from his 1989 comic character Bob the Sponge, living in a Bikini Bottom pineapple and frying Krabby Patties at the Krusty Krab.
SpongeBob SquarePants (film series)
SpongeBob SquarePants film series: four theatrical movies based on the Nickelodeon series (2004, 2015, 2020, 2025), from The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie to Search for SquarePants.
SpongeBob SquarePants (musical)
The SpongeBob Musical is a 2016 Chicago-premiered, 2017-2018 Broadway stage adaptation of SpongeBob SquarePants with a book by Kyle Jarrow, songs by Bowie, Aerosmith, Sara Bareilles, and others, 12 Tony nominations, and a 2019 Nickelodeon TV version.
SpongeBob SquarePants Presents The Tidal Zone
SpongeBob SquarePants Presents The Tidal Zone, also called The Tidal Zone, is Nickelodeon's first SpongeBob Universe crossover special, a Twilight Zone-style anthology premiering January 13, 2023, linking SpongeBob SquarePants, Kamp Koral, and The Patrick Star Show through GrandPat's dimension-hopping frame story.
SpongeBob SquarePants season 15
SpongeBob SquarePants season 15, the Nickelodeon series' fifteenth season announced September 29, 2023, aired July 24, 2024 to June 20, 2025 in 13 half-hour episodes after being cut from 26, premiering with "Sammy Suckerfish" and ending with "Captain Quasar: The Next Iteration".
SpongeBob SquarePants season 17
SpongeBob SquarePants season 17 is the 2026 Nickelodeon season of the animated series: 26 eleven-minute episodes from June 12 to November 20, 2026, executive producers Marc Ceccarelli and Vincent Waller, streaming on Paramount+.
SpongeBob SquarePants Theme
SpongeBob SquarePants Theme (Pineapple Song): the sea-shanty-style opening song of Nickelodeon's SpongeBob SquarePants, sung by Painty the Pirate (Patrick Pinney) and children, composed by Mark Harrison and Blaise Smith, based on Blow the Man Down, in G major at 120 bpm.
SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom
SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom is a 3D platform video game based on the Nickelodeon series, released in 2003 and remade as Rehydrated in 2020.
SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom – Rehydrated
SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom – Rehydrated, Purple Lamp and THQ Nordic's 2020 Unreal Engine 4 remake of the 2003 platformer, adds two-player horde mode, restores Robo Squidward, sold over 1 million by 2021.
SpongeBob SquarePants: The Patrick Star Game
SpongeBob SquarePants: The Patrick Star Game is a 2024 open-world physics sandbox by PHL Collective and Outright Games, the first game starring Patrick Star, released October 4, 2024 on PS4/PS5, Switch, Xbox, and PC.
SpongeBob SquarePants: Titans of the Tide
SpongeBob SquarePants: Titans of the Tide is a 2025 3D platformer by Purple Lamp and THQ Nordic for PS5, Xbox Series X|S, PC, and Switch 2, with SpongeBob-Patrick switching, ghostly Bikini Bottom story, Metascore 79.
SpongeBob's Big Birthday Blowout
"SpongeBob's Big Birthday Blowout" is a 2019 Nickelodeon live-action and animated special made for the twentieth anniversary of SpongeBob SquarePants, with the voice cast playing live-action versions of their characters.
Spongia officinalis
Spongia officinalis (commercial sponge, bath sponge, spugna da bagno), Linnaeus 1759, a Mediterranean demosponge of Dictyoceratida harvested for millennia; protected under Barcelona and Bern conventions after 1986 mass mortality and overfishing.
Spongiforma squarepantsii
Spongiforma squarepantsii, the Spongebob squarepants mushroom, is a gasteroid bolete fungus (Boletaceae) described in 2011 from Lambir Hills, Sarawak, Borneo; sponge-like orange fruit bodies, sister species S. thailandica of Thailand.
Spongilla
Spongilla spp, freshwater sponges of the family Spongillidae erected by Lamarck in 1816; type species Spongilla lacustris (Linnaeus, 1759). Encrusting lake and river sponges that overwinter as gemmules; many old Spongilla species now moved to Eunapius, Ephydatia, and other genera.
Spongilla lacustris
Spongilla lacustris, the common freshwater sponge (Spongillidae), described by Linnaeus in 1759; a green, finger-like Northern Hemisphere sponge identified by smooth megascleres and spined microscleres, reproducing by autumn gemmules that hatch at 4–5 °C.
Spongillidae
Spongillidae (freshwater sponges), Gray 1867, a demosponge family of the order Spongillida; gemmule-producing, spicule-based taxonomy, cosmopolitan in freshwaters, not monophyletic, with fossil species in Ephydatia and Spongilla.