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Squalius cephalus
Squalius cephalus, the European chub, is a Leuciscidae freshwater fish native to most of Europe, reaching 60 cm and 8 kg, spawning over gravel in fast rivers, IUCN Least Concern.
Squall
A squall is a sudden, strong increase in wind lasting minutes, often with a shower or thunderstorm; in nautical use it names the whole local storm.
Squall line
A squall line, also called a quasi-linear convective system, is a continuous or broken line of thunderstorms whose leading gust front produces strong gusty winds and heavy rain.
Squalodon
Squalodon, type genus of the Squalodontidae or shark-toothed dolphins, is an extinct heterodont odontocete named by Grateloup in 1840, known from Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene fossils and long used as a wastebasket for fragmentary teeth.
Squamanita
Squamanita is a genus of rare mycoparasitic agaric fungi in Squamanitaceae that parasitize fruiting bodies of other mushrooms (Amanita, Cystoderma, Hebeloma, Inocybe), deforming hosts into galls; 14 species accepted after the 2022 split creating Dissoderma.
Squamata
Squamata, the scaled reptiles: lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians, over 10,000 species and over 95% of living reptile diversity. Sister to Rhynchocephalia (tuatara) in Lepidosauria; origin at least Middle Triassic ca. 242 Mya; major clades include Toxicofera.
Squamish, British Columbia
Squamish (Sḵwx̱wú7mesh) is a district municipality at the head of Howe Sound, British Columbia, on the Sea-to-Sky corridor. Formerly Newport until 1914; fastest-growing Canadian census agglomeration 2016–2021; economy of tourism, outdoor recreation, and forestry.
Squamosa promoter-binding protein
Squamosa promoter-binding protein (SBP/SPL) is a plant-specific transcription factor family defined by a ~76-amino-acid SBP DNA-binding domain with two zinc fingers, first found in Antirrhinum majus, regulating flowering, phase change, fruit development, and copper homeostasis, largely via miR156.
Squamous cell carcinoma of conjunctiva
Squamous cell carcinoma of conjunctiva (CSCC, ICD-11 2D00.2) is the invasive malignant end of ocular surface squamous neoplasia, driven by UV exposure, HIV immunosuppression, and possibly HPV, commonest in Africa, treated by excision, topical chemotherapy, or radiotherapy.
Squamous cell carcinoma of cornea
Squamous cell carcinoma of the cornea is a rare invasive cancer of the corneal surface epithelium, the advanced end of a spectrum called ocular surface squamous neoplasia.
Squamous cell carcinoma of floor of mouth
Squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of mouth (FOM SCC) is a malignancy beneath the tongue, about 10% of oral SCCs. High occult nodal spread (21% stage I), surgery mainstay, 5-year survival 95% to 52% by stage.
Squamous cell carcinoma of middle ear
Squamous cell carcinoma of middle ear (ICD-11 2C21.1), a rare keratinising carcinoma of middle ear epithelium; presents as otorrhea, otalgia, hearing loss; treated by temporal bone resection plus radiotherapy.
Squamous cell carcinoma of nasal cavity
Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity (NCSCC), also sinonasal SCC, is the most common sinonasal malignancy, linked to wood dust and other occupational carcinogens and partly to HPV; treated by surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy, with about 50-55% five-year survival.
Squamous cell carcinoma of nasopharynx
Squamous cell carcinoma of nasopharynx (ICD-11 2B6B.0), also called nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), is a malignant mucosal epithelial tumor of the nasopharynx with squamous differentiation; WHO subtypes keratinizing, non-keratinizing, basaloid; strongly EBV-linked, radiotherapy-treated.
Squamous cell carcinoma of palate
Squamous cell carcinoma of the palate (ICD-11 2B65.1) is SCC of the hard or soft palate. Hard palate SCC is about 2% of head and neck SCC; surgery is the mainstay; soft palate invasion worsens survival.
Squamous cell carcinoma of parotid gland
Squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland, primary parotid SCC, is a rare aggressive salivary malignancy; about 90% of parotid SCC is metastatic from cutaneous or mucosal head and neck primaries, making primary disease a diagnosis of exclusion.
Squamous cell carcinoma of scrotum
Squamous cell carcinoma of the scrotum (scrotal SCC, chimney sweep's cancer) is a rare male genital skin cancer, about 35% of scrotal malignancies, first linked to soot by Pott in 1775; 5-year relative survival is 77%.
Squamous cell carcinoma of skin
Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, cSCC) is a cancer of epidermal squamous cells, usually sun-induced; second most common skin cancer after basal cell carcinoma, treated first with surgery and with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy when advanced.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal
Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCA), also called epidermoid anal cancer, is the most common anal cancer, 95% HPV-related (types 16, 18). Treated since the 1974 Nigro protocol with sphincter-preserving 5-FU/mitomycin chemoradiation; surgery is salvage.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue
Squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue (ICD-11 2B6I.0) is an oropharyngeal cancer of the posterior tongue third, strongly linked to HPV16, often neck-node positive at diagnosis, treated with transoral surgery or chemoradiation, with better survival when HPV-positive.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix uteri
Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix uteri, also called cervical squamous cell carcinoma or epidermoid carcinoma (ICD-O 80703), is the most common cervical cancer type, arising from HPV-driven transformation of ectocervical squamous cells at the transformation zone.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the colon
Squamous cell carcinoma of the colon (colorectal SCC, ORPHA:423994) is an extremely rare colonic squamous-cell cancer, 0.1-0.25 per 1,000 colorectal carcinomas, diagnosed by excluding anal extension, fistulas, and metastasis, with worse survival than rectal SCC.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the corpus uteri
Squamous cell carcinoma of the corpus uteri (endometrial squamous cell carcinoma, ICD-O 8070/3) is a rare uterine cancer, under 0.5% of endometrial carcinomas, affecting postmenopausal women with discharge, bleeding, pain, often with cervical stenosis and pyometra.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus
Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is a cancer of the flat cells lining the esophagus, causing about 85 to 90 percent of esophageal cancers worldwide.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip
Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip (lip SCC), a head and neck cancer usually arising at the lower-lip vermilion border; over 25% of oral cancers, mainly older white men, treated mostly by surgery, with 9% mean occult metastasis rate.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity
Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (OSCC, oral cavity SCC), the most common oral malignancy; tobacco, alcohol, and betel quid are main risk factors; treated mainly by surgery with neck dissection and adjuvant radiotherapy.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis
Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (PSCC) is the dominant penile malignancy, over 95% of cases, arising from glans or inner prepuce epithelium; about 40% are HPV-associated (mainly HPV 16), classified by the 2022 WHO as HPV-associated or HPV-independent, with survival strongly tied to nodal status.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum
Squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum (rectal SCC, rSCC) is a rare squamous-differentiated rectal cancer, under 1% of rectal tumors, defined by the Williams criteria, treated mainly with definitive chemoradiation, with worse survival than anal SCC.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the small intestine
Squamous cell carcinoma of the small intestine (SCC-SI), an extremely rare malignant epithelial tumor, usually duodenal; roughly 27 primary cases reported, arising via metaplasia or ectopic epithelium, with median survival about six months.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach
Squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach, also called primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma, is a very rare stomach cancer, accounting for under 0.5 percent of cases.