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Stoll (company)
Stoll was a German manufacturer of flat knitting machines based in Reutlingen, known for its knit and wear technique; its parent KARL MAYER discontinued the business in 2025.
Stollen
Stollen is a dense German Christmas yeast loaf rich in butter, dried fruit, almonds, and spices; the Dresdner Christstollen is EU PGI-protected since 2010 and tied to Dresden's 1474 first record, the 1491 Butterbrief, and the 1730 giant 1.8-tonne stollen.
Stolper–Samuelson theorem
The Stolper–Samuelson theorem, from a 1941 paper by Wolfgang Stolper and Paul Samuelson, holds that a rise in a good's price raises the real return to the factor used intensively in it.
Stolperstein
Stolpersteine (stumbling stones) are Gunter Demnig's brass-topped 10 cm concrete cubes set in sidewalks before Nazi victims' last homes; first laid 1992 in Cologne, over 116,000 stones in 31 European countries.
Stolpersteine
Stolpersteine are small brass-plated concrete blocks set into pavement at victims' last homes, laid by artist Gunter Demnig since 1992 in over 1,860 European municipalities.
Stolt-Nielsen
Stolt-Nielsen is a Norwegian-founded, London-headquartered shipping and logistics group founded in 1959 by Jacob Stolt-Nielsen, inventor of the parcel tanker, with businesses in tankers, terminals, and aquaculture.
Stolypin agrarian reform
The Stolypin agrarian reform (Столыпинская аграрная реформа) was a Russian Empire reform launched by Pyotr Stolypin in 1906 that let peasants leave the village commune and own their land.
Stoma
Stoma (plural stomata): microscopic pores on plant surfaces, each formed by two guard cells, regulating CO2 uptake and transpiration; about 90% of plant water loss passes through them, and they originated over 400 million years ago.
Stoma (medicine)
A stoma, also known as an ostomy, is a surgically created opening that connects a hollow organ such as the bowel or urinary tract to the abdominal surface.
Stomach
Stomach: hollow muscular digestive organ mixing food with acid and enzymes and releasing chyme into the duodenum; also an endocrine and defensive organ. Varies from simple acid sac in humans to fermenting chambers in ruminants; H. pylori causes most gastric cancer.
Stomach cancer
Stomach cancer (gastric cancer), mostly adenocarcinoma of the stomach lining; sixth most common cancer, fifth leading cause of cancer death; mainly caused by Helicobacter pylori; treated by gastrectomy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.
Stomach disease
Stomach disease covers gastritis, peptic ulcer, GERD, gastroparesis, and gastric cancer. Key facts: Helicobacter pylori causes ulcers and cancer; Warren and Marshall won the 2005 Nobel Prize; eradication prevents ulcer recurrence.
Stomach rumble
Stomach rumble, or borborygmi (borborygmus), the gurgling noise of gas and fluid moving through the gut during peristalsis; normal in hunger via the migrating motor complex, clinically significant when absent or obstructed.
Stomatal conductance
Stomatal conductance measures how readily water vapor diffuses out of a leaf through stomatal pores, set by pore aperture and guard cell turgor, and is a key parameter in earth system models.
Stomatitis
Stomatitis, or oral mucositis, is inflammation of the mouth's mucous membranes. Common types are canker sores and cold sores; causes include herpes, Candida, trauma, allergy, and chemotherapy, treated with topical agents.
Stomiiformes
Stomiiformes (Stomiatiformes), dragonfishes and allies: an order of over 400 exclusively deep-sea ray-finned fishes with photophores, counterillumination, far-red vision in loosejaws, and a recently revised family-level classification.
Stomp dance
The stomp dance is a call-and-response dance of southeastern Native American peoples, performed at night around a sacred fire and maintained by the Muscogee, Cherokee, Seminole, and Chickasaw.
Stomp the Yard
Stomp the Yard is a 2007 American dance drama film directed by Sylvain White, about a Los Angeles street dancer drawn into stepping competitions at an Atlanta university.
STOMP trajectory optimization
STOMP trajectory optimization, or Stochastic Trajectory Optimization for Motion Planning, is a derivative-free sampling-based robot motion planning method introduced at ICRA 2011 by Kalakrishnan and colleagues.
Stone (2010 film)
Stone (2010 film), John Curran drama written by Angus MacLachlan: parole officer Jack Mabry (Robert De Niro) versus arsonist Gerald Creeson (Edward Norton) and wife Lucetta (Milla Jovovich); limited Overture Films release, $22M budget, weak box office, mixed reviews.
Stone (unit)
The stone is a British imperial unit of mass equal to 14 pounds, or about 6.35 kilograms, still used for body weight in Britain and Ireland.
Stone Age
The Stone Age: prehistoric period defined by stone tool use, from earliest toolmaking 3.3 million years ago to metal adoption. Divided into Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic after Thomsen's 1836 three-age system and Lubbock's 1865 subdivision.
Stone Arch Bridge (Minneapolis)
The Stone Arch Bridge is a 2,100-foot stone railroad bridge with 23 arches crossing the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, built for James J. Hill between 1881 and 1883.
Stone Blind
Stone Blind (2022) by Natalie Haynes is a Medusa-centered retelling of the Perseus myth, published by Mantle, longlisted for the 2023 Women's Prize for Fiction. Not the Olivia Gaines novel of the same name.
Stone carving in Goryeo
Stone carving in Goryeo (고려) is the Korean stone sculpture and architecture produced between 918 and 1392, chiefly Buddhist pagodas, stupas, lanterns, and steles in granite.
Stone Chamber and Metal Casket archive system
The Stone Chamber and Metal Casket archive system (石室金匮制度) was the ancient Chinese practice of protecting state records by sealing them in metal-bound cabinets housed in stone rooms against fire and unauthorized access.
Stone Chariot, Hampi
The Stone Chariot of Hampi is a granite Garuda shrine in the Vijaya Vittala Temple at Hampi, Karnataka, built in the 16th century under King Krishnadevaraya.
Stone circle
Stone circle: prehistoric ring of standing stones of Neolithic and Bronze Age Britain and Ireland; up to 1,300 known; built for gathering and ritual, not defense; includes Stonehenge, Avebury, recumbent circles.
Stone Circles of Senegambia
Stone Circles of Senegambia: UNESCO World Heritage Site (2006) of four laterite stone-circle groups, Sine Ngayène, Wanar, Wassu, Kerbatch, along the River Gambia in Senegal and The Gambia, over 1,000 funerary monuments dating roughly 3rd century BC to 16th century AD.
Stone City sites
石头城遗址 names two major Chinese sites: Nanjing's Six Dynasties Stone City, founded by Sun Quan in 212 CE and confirmed at Qingliangshan by excavations, and the Jin-to-Qing Tashkurgan Stone City in Xinjiang, a 2001 national key cultural relics protection unit.