All articles A–Z
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Stocking
Stockings, also called hose, are close-fitting leg coverings worn since the Middle Ages. Key facts: William Lee's 1589 stocking frame, English hand-knitting trade of 1595, and the 1939–1940 nylon debut distinguish the garment's history.
Stockpile stewardship
Stockpile stewardship is the United States program of science, surveillance, and manufacturing that keeps the nuclear weapons stockpile safe and reliable without explosive testing, established in 1993.
Stockport
Stockport, a town in Greater Manchester, England, on a red sandstone promontory over the River Mersey. Saxon origins, 1220 mayoral charter, 1840 brick viaduct, County Borough 1888, Metropolitan Borough 1974, major town centre regeneration since 2019.
Stockport air disaster
Stockport air disaster: crash of British Midland Airways Canadair C-4 Argonaut G-ALHG at Hopes Carr, Stockport, 4 June 1967, on approach to Manchester from Palma; 72 of 84 killed; cause fuel starvation from inadvertent fuel transfer.
Stockport County F.C.
Stockport County F.C. (the Hatters), English football club founded 1883 as Heaton Norris Rovers, renamed 1890; plays at Edgeley Park since 1902; League Two champions 2023–24, now in League One under owner Mark Stott.
Stocks
Stocks are a wooden restraint device locking an offender's ankles for public humiliation, distinct from the pillory, which locks head and hands. Used from Solon's Athens through medieval and early modern Europe; pillory abolished in England 1837, stocks last used 1872.
Stocksbridge Park Steels F.C.
Stocksbridge Park Steels F.C., a South Yorkshire non-league club founded in 1986 from a steelworks team merger, plays at Bracken Moor, won NCEL titles in 1992 and 1994, and reached Step 3 via the 2024-25 play-offs.
Stockstadt
Stockstadt names two German municipalities: Stockstadt am Main in Bavaria, site of a major Roman Main-Limes fort, vicus, harbour, and mithraeum (c. 90-270 AD), and Stockstadt am Rhein in Hesse, a former Rhine harbor town.
Stockton and Darlington Railway
The Stockton and Darlington Railway opened in 1825 as the world's first public railway to use steam locomotives, hauling its first train behind George Stephenson's Locomotion No. 1.
Stockton Rush
Stockton Rush (Richard Stockton Rush III) was an American engineer who founded OceanGate and died in 2023 when its Titan submersible imploded on a dive to the Titanic wreck.
Stockton-on-Tees
Stockton-on-Tees is a market town and administrative center in north east England, divided by the River Tees, known for its wide High Street market chartered in 1310.
Stockton, California
Stockton, California: county seat of San Joaquin County on the San Joaquin River delta, founded 1849 by Charles M. Weber, incorporated 1850, home of the first inland seaport in California (1933), population about 324,600.
Stockwell transform
The Stockwell transform, or S-transform, is a time-frequency analysis method introduced in 1996 that applies a frequency-dependent Gaussian window, used widely in seismology and power systems.
StockX
StockX is a Detroit-based online marketplace for sneakers, apparel, and collectibles, launched in 2016, that matches buyers and sellers through stock-market-style bids with authentication of items.
Stoclet House
Stoclet House (Palais Stoclet, Stocletpaleis), Brussels mansion built 1905–1911 by Josef Hoffmann for banker Adolphe Stoclet; Vienna Secession Gesamtkunstwerk with Klimt's Stoclet Frieze; UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2009, closed to the public.
Stoddart (Mercurian crater)
Stoddart is a 155-km-wide peak ring basin on Mercury near the equator, named by the IAU on 26 August 2024 after New Zealand painter Margaret Olrog Stoddart and imaged by BepiColombo's fourth flyby.
Stoffel Vandoorne
Stoffel Vandoorne, Belgian racing driver born 1992 in Kortrijk; 2015 GP2 champion, McLaren F1 driver 2017-2018, 2021-22 Formula E World Champion with Mercedes, now Peugeot WEC driver and Aston Martin F1 reserve.
Stöfler (lunar crater)
Stöfler is a 129.87-km-wide impact crater in the Moon's southern nearside highlands at 41.24°S, 5.93°E, IAU-named in 1935 for German astronomer Johann Stöfler, with 19 lettered satellite craters.
Stoglav
The Stoglav (Стоглав, "Hundred Chapters") was the Russian church council held in Moscow in 1551 under Tsar Ivan IV, which issued a code of one hundred chapters regulating church life.
Stoglav Council
The Stoglav Council (Стоглавый собор) was a Russian Orthodox church council held in Moscow in 1551, presided over by Metropolitan Macarius with Tsar Ivan IV participating.
Stoic allegory
Stoic allegory is the Stoic practice of interpreting Greek myth and poetry as containing hidden physical and ethical truths, made into a systematic method by Zeno, Cleanthes, and Chrysippus.
Stoic philosophers
Stoic philosophers are the thinkers of the school founded by Zeno of Citium in Athens around 300 BCE, named after the Stoa Poikile. Key figures include Chrysippus, Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius; the system spans physics, logic, and ethics.
Stoichiometric coefficient
A stoichiometric coefficient is the number in front of a chemical formula in a balanced chemical equation, stating the relative moles of that substance that react or form.
Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a reaction, as fixed by the coefficients of a balanced equation.
Stoicism
Stoicism: Hellenistic philosophy founded by Zeno of Citium c. 300 BCE in Athens at the Stoa Poikile; teaches virtue as the only good, apatheia, and living according to nature; phases from early Stoa through Roman Stoics Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius.
Stojan Novaković
Stojan Novaković (Стојан Новаковић) was a Serbian historian, philologist, and politician who twice served as Prime Minister of Serbia and is regarded as a founder of modern Serbian historiography.
Stojan Protić
Stojan Protić was a Serbian politician and journalist who co-founded the Serbian Radical Party and served as the first prime minister of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
Stoke City F.C.
Stoke City F.C. (The Potters), Stoke-on-Trent club founded 1863 as Stoke Ramblers, Football League founder member 1888, 1972 League Cup winners, bet365 Stadium, Championship side owned by John Coates.
Stoke Hill
Stoke Hill: name shared by an Exeter, Devon hill with the scheduled Stoke Hill Camp Iron Age hillfort, a listed-building street in Stoke Bishop, Bristol, an Ipswich rail tunnel site, and an Oundle terrace.
Stoke Mandeville
Stoke Mandeville, Buckinghamshire village and hospital, birthplace of the Paralympics: Dr Ludwig Guttmann's 1948 archery games for spinal-injury patients became the Stoke Mandeville Games, then the Paralympic Games (Rome 1960).