All articles A–Z

Supersymmetric localization

Supersymmetric localization is a technique in quantum field theory that uses a fermionic symmetry to reduce path integrals to finite-dimensional integrals, enabling exact computation of partition functions and supersymmetric observables.

Supersymmetric quantum mechanics

Supersymmetric quantum mechanics (SUSY QM) is a class of quantum systems with a fermionic supercharge pairing bosonic and fermionic states, introduced by Edward Witten in 1981 and used in solvable potentials and topology.

Supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory

Supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory is a gauge theory in which Yang–Mills fields are accompanied by superpartners, with the N=4 case conformal and central to holographic duality.

Supersymmetry

Supersymmetry, or SUSY, is a proposed extension of the Standard Model in which every particle has a partner whose spin differs by half a unit, developed in the 1970s.

Supersymmetry algebra

The supersymmetry algebra is the graded Lie algebra extending the Poincaré algebra with fermionic supercharges that turn bosons into fermions; the Haag–Łopuszański–Sohnius theorem of 1975 shows it is the only such extension.

Supersynchronous orbit

A supersynchronous orbit, or supersynchronous transfer orbit, is an Earth orbit above geosynchronous altitude of 35,786 km, used for fuel-saving transfers to GEO and satellite disposal.

Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira

The Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira, also known as the Portuguese Super Cup, is Portugal's annual football super cup between the Primeira Liga and Taça de Portugal winners.

Supertask

A supertask is a task consisting of infinitely many steps completed in a finite amount of time. The term was coined by philosopher J. F. Thomson in 1954.

Supertaster

Supertaster: coined by Linda Bartoshuk in 1991 for people who taste PROP/PTC as intensely bitter; about 25% of Americans, more fungiform papillae, TAS2R38-related but not explained by it alone.

Supertramp

Supertramp: British rock band formed 1969 by Rick Davies and Roger Hodgson, funded by Stanley Miesegaes; breakthrough Crime of the Century (1974), peak Breakfast in America (1979), 18 million copies, two Grammys.

Supertramp discography

The Supertramp discography comprises the studio, live, and compilation albums of the British rock band Supertramp, released between 1970 and 2006, including eleven studio albums mostly on A&M Records.

Oct 21, 2026

Supertubes

Supertubes, also written Super Tubes and known locally as Supers, is a celebrated right-hand point break at Jeffreys Bay, South Africa, hosting a World Surf League event since the early 1980s.

SuperTux

SuperTux: free open-source 2D platformer starring Tux the Linux mascot, rescuing Penny from Nolok. Created by Bill Kendrick in 2004, GPL-licensed, latest stable release 0.7.0 (2026).

Superunknown

Superunknown is the fourth studio album by the American rock band Soundgarden, released in March 1994. It debuted at number 1 on the Billboard 200, sold six million US copies, and won two Grammy Awards.

Superuser

A superuser, also called the root user or root, is a special account on a computer system exempt from ordinary access restrictions, allowing the most vital and far-reaching system administration.

SuperValu (United States)

Supervalu Inc. (NYSE: SVU), American grocery wholesaler and retailer of Eden Prairie, Minnesota, successor to 1870s firms, once largest US grocery distributor; acquired by United Natural Foods in 2018 for $2.9 billion. Distinct from the Irish SuperValu franchise of Musgrave Group.

Supervillain

Supervillain: a fictional antagonist with extraordinary powers or intellect opposing a superhero in comics and film. Key facts: Ultra-Humanite first comics supervillain (1939); Moriarty prototype (1891); five archetypes; central to the genre.

Supervised contrastive learning

Supervised contrastive learning (SupCon) is a machine learning technique that pulls together representations of same-label samples and pushes apart different ones, introduced by Khosla and colleagues in 2020.

Supervised exercise therapy

Supervised exercise therapy (SET) is structured exercise prescribed under professional supervision, recommended as first-line treatment for leg pain from peripheral artery disease, typically treadmill walking for 3 to 6 months.

Supervised fine-tuning

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is the first stage of post-training, in which a pretrained language model learns to follow instructions from instruction–response pairs before preference alignment.

Supervised learning

Supervised learning, also called supervised machine learning, is a machine-learning paradigm where a model trains on input-output pairs, like labeled spam emails, covering regression and classification tasks.

Supervised object detection

Supervised object detection trains a model on images or point clouds with labeled objects, outputting a localized bounding box and class label for each object, from Faster R-CNN to YOLO.

Supervised visitation

Supervised visitation, also called supervised access or supervised parenting time, is court-ordered parent-child contact observed by a neutral third person, typically after domestic violence, abuse, or neglect concerns, delivered by professional or nonprofessional providers.

Supervisor

A supervisor is an employee's immediate superior, the first-line manager who directs, assigns, trains, and evaluates workers; in US labor law the term decides union bargaining eligibility and harassment liability.

Supervisor Mode Access Prevention

Supervisor Mode Access Prevention (SMAP) is an x86 processor security feature that faults when kernel code accesses user-mode memory, blocking exploits that forge data structures there.

Supervisory control theory

Supervisory control theory is a framework for automatically synthesizing a supervisor that disables controllable events so a discrete-event system meets its specification, founded by Ramadge and Wonham in 1987.

Supervive

SUPERVIVE (头号追击), formerly Project Loki, was a free-to-play MOBA-style hero battle royale by Theorycraft Games, ex-Blizzard/Riot/Bungie devs. Early Access November 20, 2024, 1.0 July 2025, over two million players, shut down February 25, 2026.

Supervolcano

A supervolcano is a volcanic center that has produced a super-eruption of magnitude 8 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index, more than 1,000 cubic kilometers of material at once.

Superwog

Superwog is an Australian comedy franchise by brothers Theo and Nathan Saidden: a YouTube sketch channel founded in 2008, an ABC television series from 2018, and the 2025 Netflix series Son of a Donkey.