All articles A–Z

SURGCOM study

SURGCOM (NCT07621198), Postoperative Complications in Major Surgery, is a prospective multicenter observational cohort in low- and middle-income settings developing a risk prediction model for 30-day major postoperative complications and mortality.

Surge (drink)

Surge is Coca-Cola's bright green citrus soda, launched in Norway as Urge in 1996 and in the US in 1997 to rival Mountain Dew, discontinued in 2003, and revived in 2014 via the fan-led SURGE Movement.

Surge AI

Surge AI, legally Surge Labs Inc., is a San Francisco data-labeling and RLHF company founded by Edwin Chen in 2020, reporting over $1 billion in 2024 revenue.

Oct 15, 2026

Surge line

The surge line is the boundary on a compressor's performance map that separates stable operation from surge, an unstable condition in which flow reverses and pressure fluctuates cyclically.

Oct 10, 2026

Surge pricing

Surge pricing is a temporary, algorithmically set increase in ride-hailing fares when demand exceeds available drivers, introduced by Uber around 2010 and matched by Lyft's Prime Time in 2013.

Surge protector

A surge protector, also called a surge suppressor, is a device that protects electrical equipment from voltage spikes by diverting surge current harmlessly to ground, typically using metal oxide varistors.

Surge tank

A surge tank, also called a surge chamber, is a chamber connected to a pressurized pipeline or tunnel that cushions water hammer in hydropower plants and pumping systems.

Oct 15, 2026

Surgeme

A surgeme is an elementary surgical gesture, an atomic unit of surgical activity, a concept introduced by Johns Hopkins University researchers in the Language of Surgery project.

Surgeon

Surgeon: a physician who performs operations after medical school plus 5+ years of surgical residency (US) or 10+ years of UK training. Covers specialties, case minimums, pay, robotics, attrition, and workforce shortages.

Surgeon General of the United States

The Surgeon General of the United States is the government's leading spokesperson on public health and head of the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps.

Oct 15, 2026

Surgerii SP Surgical Robot

The Surgerii SP Surgical Robot, marketed as SHURUI, is a Chinese single-port laparoscopic surgical robot by Beijing Surgerii Robotics, approved in China in June 2023.

Surgery

Surgery: operative treatment of disease and injury, transformed by ether anesthesia (1846), Lister's antisepsis, curare (1942), the WHO safety checklist, and modern robotic, AI-assisted, and telesurgical techniques.

Surgery for idiopathic scoliosis

Surgery for idiopathic scoliosis is the operative correction of an unexplained lateral spinal curvature, by spinal fusion or, in growing children, growth-friendly implants; curves over 40° typically warrant surgery.

Surgical ablation

Surgical ablation is a treatment that destroys targeted tissue, such as liver tumors or arrhythmogenic heart tissue, in place using heat, cold, electric fields, or focused ultrasound.

Surgical anastomosis

A surgical anastomosis is an operative connection between two tubular structures, most often bowel or blood vessels, done by hand-sewn suturing, staplers, or compression implants to restore flow.

Surgical Apgar score

The Surgical Apgar Score is a 10-point score calculated at the end of surgery from blood loss, blood pressure, and heart rate to predict postoperative complications.

Surgical Arteriovenous Shunt

A surgical arteriovenous shunt is a surgical connection allowing blood to flow directly from an artery to a vein, used to provide long-term access for hemodialysis.

Oct 20, 2026

Surgical Attire

Surgical attire: scrubs, gowns, head coverings, masks, and shoe covers worn in operating rooms to protect the surgical site from contamination; governed by AORN, ACS, AST guidelines and ANSI/AAMI PB70 or EN 13795 gown standards.

Surgical Clearance

Surgical clearance, also called medical clearance, is the process of evaluating whether a patient is healthy enough for surgery, usually a preoperative history and physical examination done to minimize perioperative risk.

Surgical Decompression

Surgical decompression: operations relieving pressure in a body compartment, including decompressive craniectomy for intracranial hypertension, laminectomy and endoscopic decompression for lumbar stenosis, and cubital tunnel release.

Surgical Diagnostic Techniques

Surgical diagnostic techniques (MeSH D003949) are procedures for diagnosing disease by examining the pathological site or operative field during surgery, including frozen section, intraoperative ultrasound, endosonography, and margin assessment.

Surgical Drapes

Surgical drapes, sterile single-use or reusable barriers of non-woven or woven textile, isolate the operative site and maintain the sterile field; performance is classified by ANSI/AAMI PB70 levels and EN 13795.

Surgical endoscopy

Surgical endoscopy: use of endoscopes via natural orifices or small incisions for diagnosis and treatment; MeSH term since 1963. Also the Springer journal Surgical Endoscopy, official journal of SAGES and EAES since 1987.

Surgical Fixation Devices

Surgical fixation devices (surgical fasteners, MeSH D053831) hold tissue together for repair, reconstruction, or wound closure: sutures, staples, clips, screws, tissue adhesives, and tapes, in absorbable or permanent metallic and polymeric materials.

Oct 20, 2026

Surgical Flaps

Surgical flaps: tissue transferred with its own blood supply for reconstruction. Types include local, pedicled, free, axial-pattern, and perforator flaps such as DIEP and ALT; origins trace to Sushruta.

Surgical Gloves

Surgical gloves: sterile single-use gloves worn by surgical teams, introduced by William Halsted at Johns Hopkins in 1890. Made of latex, nitrile, neoprene, or polyisoprene; FDA-regulated Class I devices; powdered versions banned in 2016.

Surgical Hemostasis

Surgical hemostasis, control of bleeding during or after surgery, uses mechanical, chemical, and thermal methods: hemostats, sutures, electrosurgery, topical agents, and energy-based vessel-sealing devices.

Surgical incision

Surgical incision: a deliberate cut into tissue giving operative access, made by scalpel or laser, 1-3 cm in minimally invasive surgery or much larger in open surgery, closed by sutures, staples, or glue, healing by primary or secondary intention.

Surgical infections

Surgical infections are infections that develop in surgical patients as a consequence of an operation, including surgical site infections affecting the incision or deeper tissues.