All articles A–Z
519,064 articles
Surgical instrument
Surgical instrument: hand-held or powered tool for cutting, grasping, clamping, or retracting tissue in surgery. FDA classifies ~1,700 device types in three risk classes; sterilization evolved from Lister's 1867 carbolic acid to autoclaves and low-temperature plasma methods.
Surgical management of osteoarthritis
Surgical management of osteoarthritis covers operations used when non-operative measures no longer control joint symptoms: arthroscopy, now recommended against, realignment osteotomy for younger patients, and joint replacement.
Surgical mask
The surgical mask, also called a medical or procedure mask, is a loose-fitting single-use face covering that blocks splashes and droplets, first used in surgery in 1897.
Surgical Mesh
Surgical mesh: implantable woven or sheet medical device (polypropylene most common) supporting weakened tissue in hernia, prolapse, and incontinence repair; reduces hernia recurrence, but transvaginal prolapse mesh was withdrawn by the FDA in 2019.
Surgical oncology (journal of surgical oncology)
Journal of Surgical Oncology (JSO), Wiley-Liss surgical oncology journal founded 1969, ISSN 0022-4790/1096-9098, official journal of the World Federation of Surgical Oncology Societies, 16 issues yearly, edited by Laleh Melstrom.
Surgical oncology (Surg Oncol)
Surgical Oncology (Surg Oncol), ISSN 0960-7404, is an Elsevier quarterly peer-reviewed journal of surgical cancer care founded in 1992, edited by Vijay Khatri with Nicholas Petrelli, distinct from Annals of Surgical Oncology and Journal of Surgical Oncology.
Surgical Portacaval Shunt
Surgical portacaval shunt (portacaval anastomosis, Eck fistula) is an operative connection between the portal vein and inferior vena cava, introduced by Whipple in 1945, that decompresses varices in portal hypertension but causes encephalopathy; largely replaced by TIPS.
Surgical Science (company)
Surgical Science is a Swedish medical simulation company headquartered in Gothenburg and founded in 1999. It makes the LapSim laparoscopic simulator and was listed on Nasdaq First North in Stockholm in 2017.
Surgical site infection
Surgical site infection (SSI), wound infection after surgery, defined within 30 days of operation or 90 days with an implant. Covers CDC/NICE definitions, WHO 2016/2018 prevention guidelines, surveillance, and burden data.
Surgical Staplers
Surgical staplers are devices that drive metal staples into tissue for resection, transection, and anastomoses, or to close skin wounds. Invented by Hültl and Fischer in 1908; reclassified by the FDA to Class II in 2021 after over 41,000 adverse event reports.
Surgical stapling
Surgical stapling uses mechanical staplers to cut and seal tissue, remove part of an organ, and create connections between structures; linear and circular devices are routine in gastrointestinal, thoracic, and vascular surgery.
Surgical suture
Surgical suture: sterile single-use thread device holding body tissues together after injury or surgery. Also called stitches, catgut historically; sizes 12-0 to 10; absorbable vs nonabsorbable; Lister's 1865 antisepsis; synthetic era from 1970s Dexon.
Surgical Tampons
Surgical tampons: absorbent cotton, wool, gauze, or gelatin packs (tamponing) placed in wounds or cavities to stop bleeding, deliver antiseptics, or absorb fluid; historic medical use predates menstrual tampons; main hazard is retention.
Surgical Tape
Surgical tape (medical adhesive tape) is a pressure-sensitive tape holding dressings, wound edges, and devices on skin; acrylate and silicone adhesives differ in gentleness, with silicone reducing skin stripping and MARSI risk.
Surgical technologist
Surgical technologist, also called operating room technician or scrub tech: allied health professional maintaining the sterile field and passing instruments during surgery; US CST credential from NBSTSA, ~118,400 US jobs, median pay $64,650 (May 2025).
Surgical tracheostomy
Surgical tracheostomy is an open operation creating a stoma in the neck into the trachea, securing an airway for prolonged ventilation, obstruction, or secretion management.
Surgical treatment of ingrown toenails
Surgical treatment of ingrown toenails (onychocryptosis): partial nail avulsion, phenol or TCA chemical matricectomy, Winograd wedge resection, and Vandenbos procedures; phenolization cuts recurrence versus avulsion alone, while a 2026 meta-analysis favors minimally invasive surgery.
Surgical ventricular reconstruction
Surgical ventricular reconstruction (SVR), most often the Dor procedure, is a cardiac operation that reshapes the scarred left ventricle after a heart attack, usually combined with coronary bypass grafting.
Surgically-Created Structures
Surgically-Created Structures is a Medical Subject Headings descriptor covering organs surgically formed from adjacent tissue to replace tissue that is diseased or surgically removed, distinct from prostheses and implants.
Surgicel
Surgicel (oxidized regenerated cellulose) is Ethicon's sterile absorbable hemostat fabric, introduced 1957/1960, used adjunctively for capillary, venous, and small arterial bleeding; bactericidal, absorbable in weeks, must be removed near bone foramina and nerves.
Surgut GRES-1 power station
Surgut GRES-1 (Сургутская ГРЭС-1) is a large gas-fired power station in Surgut, Western Siberia, the region's first large power station, supplying electricity and heat since 1972 with a capacity of 3333 MW.
Surgut GRES-2 power station
Surgut GRES-2 (Сургутская ГРЭС-2) is a gas-fired thermal power station in Surgut, Russia, opened in 1985 and owned by PJSC Unipro. It is among the largest thermal power plants in the world.
Surgut-Gorky-Polotsk Oil Pipeline
The Surgut-Gorky-Polotsk oil pipeline is a 3,250 km trunk crude pipeline from Surgut in Western Siberia to Polotsk, Belarus, built between 1977 and 1981 and owned by Transneft.
Surgut, Khanty-Mansia
Surgut (Сургут), a city in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra, Russia, on the Ob River; founded 1594, rebuilt as an oil center after the 1957 Salmanov expedition; home to Surgutneftegas and the world's largest gas-fired power station.
Surgutneftegaz
Surgutneftegaz (ПАО «Сургутнефтегаз») is a Russian oil and gas company headquartered in Surgut, led by Vladimir Bogdanov since 1984 and producing 53.7 million tonnes of oil in 2024.
Suricata
Suricata is a free, open-source network threat detection engine that performs intrusion detection, intrusion prevention, and network security monitoring, released in 2010 and owned by the Open Information Security Foundation.
Suriclone
Suriclone (RP 31,264; Suril, Celexane) is a cyclopyrrolone anxiolytic, chemically unrelated to benzodiazepines, that binds benzodiazepine receptor sites allosterically with subnanomolar affinity and was trialed in generalized anxiety disorder.
Surigao Strait
Surigao Strait is a Philippine strait between Leyte, Panaon, Dinagat, and Mindanao linking the Pacific to Leyte Gulf and the Mindanao Sea; a shipping route with 5–6 knot tidal streams and site of the 1944 night battle.
Surikov (Mercurian crater)
Surikov is a 120-km-diameter impact crater on Mercury at 37.1°S, 124.6°W in quadrangle H-12, named by the IAU in 1979 for the Russian painter Vassily Surikov (1848–1916).
Surimi (すり身)
Surimi (すり身) is washed, dewatered minced fish muscle used to make kamaboko and imitation crab. Salt-solubilized myofibrillar proteins form elastic gels on heating; global output about 437,000 metric tons in H1 2025.