All articles A–Z
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Surrender of the Xiongnu Rizhu King to Han
The surrender of the Xiongnu Rizhu King to Han was the defection of the Rizhu King Xianxian Chan to the Han dynasty during the Shenjue era.
Surrender of Ziying
The Surrender of Ziying (子婴出降) was the surrender of Ziying, the last Qin ruler, to rebel leader Liu Bang at Xianyang in 207 BC, ending the Qin dynasty.
Surrender/Encore
Surrender/Encore is a pair of connected nightlife venues, the Encore Beach Club dayclub and Surrender Nightclub, at the Encore resort in Las Vegas, opened in 2010.
Surrey
Surrey, England, is a county south-west of London with 1,203,108 residents at the 2021 Census, its 12 councils due to become two unitary councils in 2027.
Surrey County Cricket Club
Surrey County Cricket Club, founded in 1845, is an English first-class county club based at The Oval in Kennington, south London, with 23 County Championship titles.
Surrey Satellite Technology
Surrey Satellite Technology (SSTL) is a British small satellite manufacturer in Guildford, England, founded in 1985 as a University of Surrey spin-out and wholly owned by Airbus since 2009.
Surrey Six massacre
Surrey Six massacre: October 19, 2007 shooting of six men, four gang-affiliated and two bystanders, in a Balmoral Tower apartment in Surrey, BC, tied to the Red Scorpions-UN gang conflict; convictions ran from 2009 to 2020.
Surrey, British Columbia
Surrey, British Columbia: a city in Metro Vancouver on the south side of the Fraser River, bordering the US. Second most populous BC municipality (568,322 in 2021), largest by land area, incorporated 1879, named after Surrey, England.
Surri
Surri was a usurper who seized the throne of the Syro-Hittite kingdom of Patina around 831 BC and was strangled to death by Assyrian forces.
Surrogacy
Surrogacy (代孕) is an arrangement in which a woman carries a child for intended parents. Legal status varies worldwide: commercial surrogacy legal in parts of the US, Georgia, Colombia; altruistic-only in Canada, UK, India; banned entirely in China, France, Germany, Italy.
Surrogacy laws by country
Surrogacy laws by country: national rules on whether surrogacy is banned, altruistic-only, or commercial. No international treaty governs cross-border recognition; ECtHR Mennesson case law, HCCH project, and differing US, Italian, Greek, UK rules.
Surrogate data testing
Surrogate data testing is a Monte Carlo hypothesis test for time series, comparing a statistic against randomized copies that preserve linear properties like the Fourier spectrum.
Surrogate key
Surrogate key: warehouse-generated artificial identifier (usually a sequential integer) replacing a source natural key as a dimension table's primary key; enables multi-source consolidation and SCD type 2 history, with the date dimension a YYYYMMDD exception.
Surrogate model
A surrogate model is a computationally cheap approximation of an expensive simulator, built from a modest number of training evaluations and used for prediction, optimization, and sensitivity analysis.
Surrogate optimization
Surrogate optimization finds optima of expensive black-box functions by building a cheap approximate model, the surrogate, to decide where to evaluate next; Bayesian optimization is the most common form.
Surrogate Safety Assessment Model
The Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM) is a free software tool from the U.S. Federal Highway Administration that evaluates road safety from traffic simulation data.
Surrogate-based optimization
Surrogate-based optimization (SBO) is an engineering optimization strategy that replaces a costly model, such as a CFD simulation, with a cheap surrogate approximation to find optimized designs with fewer expensive evaluations.
Surrogate-V
Surrogate-V (Суррогат-В, code name Vedomy) is a Russian extra-large autonomous underwater vehicle by Rubin, designed to work with submarines by imitating their signatures as a decoy.
Surrogates
Surrogates is a 2009 American science fiction action film directed by Jonathan Mostow, in which people live through robotic duplicates and Bruce Willis plays an FBI agent.
Surround sound
Surround sound: multichannel audio over speakers around the listener, from 1941 Fantasound and 1970s quadraphonic to Dolby Digital 5.1, DTS, and object-based Dolby Atmos, DTS:X, and Auro-3D.
Surrounded (web series)
Surrounded is Jubilee Media's viral YouTube debate web series, premiered September 2024, in which one guest debates about 20 opposing participants who vote debaters out with red flags.
Surrounded by Idiots
Surrounded by Idiots (Omgiven av idioter), Thomas Erikson's 2014 Swedish bestseller (English 2019), popularizes a four-color DISC/DISA personality model; researchers classify it as pseudoscience.
Surrounded Islands
Surrounded Islands was a temporary 1983 environmental installation by Christo and Jeanne-Claude, surrounding eleven artificial islands in Biscayne Bay, Miami, with floating pink fabric for two weeks.
Surrozen, Inc.
Surrozen, Inc. is a South San Francisco, California biotechnology company, founded in 2017, that develops Wnt pathway antibodies and pivoted to retinal disease programs in 2025.
Surry County, Virginia
Surry County, Virginia: rural county formed in 1652 from James City County, named for Surrey, England; population 6,561 (2020); linked to Jamestown by the free Jamestown-Scotland Ferry; home of Bacon's Castle and Chippokes State Park.
Surry Power Station
Surry Power Station is a two-unit nuclear power plant on the James River in Surry County, Virginia, operated by Dominion Energy and providing about 15 percent of its Virginia customers' electricity.
Sursagar
Sursagar (सूरसागर, "Sur's Ocean") is the principal collection of Krishna-devotion poetry attributed to the sixteenth-century Braj poet Surdas, retelling Krishna's life from birth to the reunion at Kurukshetra, and the only work universally accepted as his.
Surströmming
Surströmming, Swedish fermented Baltic herring from the 16th century, ripened in 17% brine by Haloanaerobium bacteria, sold from the third Thursday of August, eaten in tunnbröd wraps.
SURTAVI trial
SURTAVI (Surgical Replacement and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation), NCT01586910: Medtronic-funded randomized trial showing self-expanding CoreValve/Evolut R TAVR noninferior to surgery at 2 and 5 years in 1,746 intermediate-risk aortic stenosis patients.
Surtr
Surtr (Surt, Surtur), Old Norse "the black one," is the Norse fire giant ruling Muspell in the south; at Ragnarök he leads the sons of Muspell over Bifröst, kills Freyr, and burns the world, also giving his name to Surtshellir cave and Surtsey.