All articles A–Z

Surtrac

Surtrac (Scalable Urban Traffic Control) is a decentralized adaptive traffic signal control system developed at Carnegie Mellon University, first deployed in Pittsburgh in 2012, cutting travel times by about 25%.

Surtsey

Surtsey is a volcanic island about 32 km off Iceland's south coast, formed by eruptions from 1963 to 1967 and protected since birth as a pristine natural laboratory for studying biological colonization of new land.

Surtshellir

Surtshellir is a lava tube cave about 1,600 m long in the Hallmundarhraun lava field of western Iceland, containing a Viking Age archaeological site once thought an outlaw shelter.

Oct 21, 2026

Surufatinib

Surufatinib (HMPL-012, Sulanda) is HUTCHMED's oral kinase inhibitor of VEGFR1-3, FGFR1, and CSF-1R, approved in China (2020, 2021) for extrapancreatic and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors based on the SANET-ep and SANET-p phase 3 trials; not FDA or EMA approved.

Oct 21, 2026

Surulere

Surulere is a residential and commercial Local Government Area on the Lagos mainland, Nigeria, created in 1991, home to the National Stadium (1972), Teslim Balogun Stadium, Fela Kuti's Kalakuta Republic, and the Ojuelegba transport hub.

Oct 21, 2026

Surupa Dorsa

Surupa Dorsa is a ~981 km groove belt (extensional ridge feature) on Venus at 71.7N, 209E in Vinmara Planitia, IAU-named 1997 for a Hindu rain-bringing sky goddess; interpreted as possible localized spreading.

Oct 20, 2026

Šuruppak

Šuruppak (modern Tell Fara, Iraq), major Sumerian city on the Euphrates between Nippur and Uruk, occupied c. 3000–2000 BC; Fara-period tablets, flood-hero tradition, excavated 1902–03 and 2022–2024.

Sururu Oil and Gas Field

Sururu is a pre-salt oil field in the Santos Basin, offshore Brazil, part of the Iara cluster, producing through the P-68 floating vessel since November 2019.

Sep 19, 2026

Surus

Surus, also given as Syrus, was a Carthaginian war elephant, the only one of Hannibal's elephants named in ancient sources, notable for one broken tusk.

Surveen Chawla

Surveen Chawla is an Indian actress and dancer, born in 1984 in Chandigarh, who rose from television serials to Punjabi films, Hate Story 2, and streaming series.

Surveillance

Surveillance: systematic monitoring of people, communications, or workplaces by employers, governments, and companies. Covers workplace monitoring tools and effects, DHS and FBI practices, FISA Section 702, oversight, and privacy-enhancing technologies.

Surveillance aircraft

A surveillance aircraft, also called an observation aircraft, is a military or civilian aircraft, crewed or remotely piloted, fitted with sensors to observe and report activity in near real time.

Surveillance capitalism

Surveillance capitalism is an economic order named by Shoshana Zuboff in which firms claim human experience as free raw material and sell behavioral predictions, beginning at Google in the early 2000s.

Surveillance colonoscopy

Surveillance colonoscopy is the repeated colonoscopic examination at set intervals of people at increased risk of colorectal cancer, including those after polyp removal, with IBD, or with hereditary syndromes.

Sep 23, 2026

Surveillance Commissioner (anchashi)

The Surveillance Commissioner (按察使) was a Tang-dynasty circuit-level envoy who oversaw the performance of local officials, denouncing corrupt or negligent ones, and was often held concurrently by prefects.

Surveillance culture

A surveillance culture is a microbiology test that detects colonization by multidrug-resistant organisms such as MRSA, VRE, and Candida auris in patients without infection signs, guiding isolation and decolonization.

Surveillance pricing

Surveillance pricing, also called individualized pricing, is a form of algorithmic pricing in which sellers use personal data like browsing history and location to tailor prices to individuals.

Survex

Survex is a free, open-source cave surveying package started in 1990 by Olly Betts and Wookey, with the cavern processor and aven viewer, native .svx data, and Therion loop-closure integration.

Survey (archaeology)

Survey in archaeology, also called archaeological field survey, is the systematic examination of a landscape without excavation to find and record surface traces of past human activity, such as pottery and lithics.

Survey design

Survey design is the plan governing how a survey selects its sample, what it asks, and how answers are collected, so sample numbers describe the larger population accurately.

Survey experiment

A survey experiment is an experiment in which both randomization and treatment occur inside a survey questionnaire, so differences between randomly assigned respondent groups reflect the treatment itself.

Survey methodology

Survey methodology is the field of statistics and social science that studies how to collect data from samples of people, covering sample design, questionnaires, and nonsampling errors.

Survey of Consumer Finances

The Survey of Consumer Finances is a triennial survey of US families sponsored by the Federal Reserve Board, the primary source of household wealth data.

Survey of English Dialects

Survey of English Dialects (SED), directed by Harold Orton with Eugen Dieth, a 1950–1961 University of Leeds survey of traditional English dialects in 313 rural localities using a 1,092-question questionnaire, published 1962–1978.

Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe

The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) is a panel survey interviewing people aged 50 and over about health, economics, and social networks across Europe and Israel.

Survey of Income and Program Participation

The Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) is a longitudinal household survey run by the U.S. Census Bureau since 1983, tracking income, employment, and government program participation.

Survey propagation

Survey propagation is a message-passing algorithm from statistical physics, introduced by Mézard and Zecchina in 2002 to solve hard random K-SAT instances near the satisfiability threshold.

Survey Research Methods

Survey research methods are the procedures for questioning a representative sample of a population and the statistical techniques for designing studies, collecting data, and measuring error.

Survey vessel

A survey vessel, also called a survey ship, is a ship or boat fitted with sonar for measuring water depth and mapping the seafloor for nautical charts.