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Diacylglycerol kinase
Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK, EC 2.7.1.107), also called DAG kinase, is a lipid kinase family phosphorylating diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid; ten mammalian isoforms in five types regulate immune, neural, and metabolic signaling.
Diacylglycerol oil
Diacylglycerol (DAG) oil, an edible oil with at least 80% diacylglycerol, marketed as Econa Oil and approved as GRAS by FDA (GRN 56, 115); withdrawn from sale in 2009 over glycidyl ester contaminants.
Diad
Diad (cardiac dyad): junction between a cardiomyocyte T-tubule and junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum, about 15 nm cleft, where L-type Ca2+ channels trigger RyR2 calcium-induced calcium release; cardiac counterpart of the skeletal muscle triad.
Diadem
Diadem: a jeweled headband or small crown, from Greek diadema "to bind around". Hellenistic royal fillet of Alexander the Great; today distinguished (loosely) from crown and tiara; famous example is the 1,333-diamond George IV State Diadem of 1821.
Diadema
Diadema, São Paulo municipality in the Greater ABC, Brazil; 393,237 residents (2022 census) on 30.8 km², second-highest population density in the country; emancipated from São Bernardo do Campo in 1959, industrialized from the 1960s.
Diadema antillarum
Diadema antillarum, the long-spined sea urchin, is the keystone herbivore of Caribbean coral reefs. A 1983–1984 die-off killed over 95% of populations, causing algal dominance; a 2022 scuticociliate outbreak struck again.
Diadochi (Διάδοχοι)
Diadochi (Διάδοχοι, "Successors") were Alexander the Great's generals, including Antigonus, Ptolemy I, Seleucus I, Cassander, and Lysimachus, who fought the Wars of the Diadochi (321–281 BC) and partitioned his empire into the Hellenistic kingdoms.
Diadora
Diadora: Italian sportswear brand founded 1948 in Caerano di San Marco by Marcello Danieli; known for Björn Borg tennis shoes, the N9000, Heritage Made in Italy line, Diadora Utility safety footwear, and Geox-group ownership since 2009.
Diaeresis (diacritic)
Diaeresis (trema): two-dot diacritic (¨) over a vowel, as in naïve or Noël, showing it is pronounced separately from the preceding vowel; distinct in function from the German umlaut, though both share Unicode U+0308.
Diafenthiuron
Diafenthiuron is a thiourea insecticide and acaricide, sold as Polo and launched in 1991, that controls mites, aphids, whiteflies, and other sucking pests on cotton, vegetables, and fruit.
Diafiltration
Diafiltration is a pressure-driven membrane filtration method that washes out small solutes such as salts by adding water or buffer while retaining larger molecules like proteins.
Diafra Sakho
Diafra Sakho, born 1989 in Guédiawaye, Senegal, is a retired striker; Ligue 2 winner with Metz 2014, West Ham forward, 2018 World Cup squad member, now Génération Foot assistant manager.
Diagenesis
Diagenesis is the set of physical, chemical, and biological changes that convert deposited sediment into sedimentary rock at low temperatures and pressures, before metamorphism begins.
Diageo
Diageo plc, formed by the 1997 merger of Grand Metropolitan and Guinness, is a British beverage alcohol company selling Johnnie Walker, Guinness, Smirnoff and other brands in about 180 countries, ranked first in international spirits by retail sales value.
Diagnosing democratic backsliding in case studies
Diagnosing democratic backsliding in case studies means identifying incremental democratic deterioration within a single country, using event sequences and institutional indicators rather than cross-national indices alone.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis (2019) is a seven-episode Netflix documentary series based on Lisa Sanders' New York Times Magazine column, in which she crowdsources diagnoses for mysterious, undiagnosed medical conditions from readers worldwide.
Diagnosis and classification of endometriosis
Diagnosis of endometriosis relies on symptoms, transvaginal ultrasound, MRI, and sometimes surgery with histology, since no single test suffices; rASRM, #Enzian, and the Endometriosis Fertility Index classify its extent.
Diagnosis and epidemiology of protozoal infections
Diagnosis and epidemiology of protozoal infections describes how single-celled parasites such as Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Entamoeba histolytica are detected and tracked, covering microscopy, antigen tests, molecular methods, and outbreak investigation.
Diagnosis and imaging of hemorrhagic stroke
Diagnosis and imaging of hemorrhagic stroke uses non-contrast CT as the first-line test to confirm bleeding, followed by CTA spot sign, MRI, and lumbar puncture to find underlying causes.
Diagnosis and monitoring of chronic myelogenous leukemia
Diagnosis and monitoring of chronic myelogenous leukemia rest on the BCR::ABL1 fusion gene from the Philadelphia chromosome, tracked by cytogenetics, FISH, and quantitative PCR, with results reported on the International Scale.
Diagnosis and risk stratification of chronic coronary disease
Diagnosis and risk stratification of chronic coronary disease (CCD) estimates how likely a symptomatic patient is to have obstructive coronary artery disease, guiding test selection.
Diagnosis and treatment of human mite infestations
Diagnosis and treatment of human mite infestations covers how scabies and other mite conditions are confirmed by scraping or dermoscopy and treated with permethrin or ivermectin.
Diagnosis and treatment of mature T-cell and NK-cell lymphomas
Mature T-cell and NK-cell lymphomas are cancers of mature T cells and NK cells, about 10 to 15 percent of lymphomas, diagnosed by biopsy and staged with PET-CT.
Diagnosis of arachnophobia
The diagnosis of arachnophobia classifies spider phobia as a specific phobia under DSM-5 and ICD-11, diagnosed when marked fear of spiders persists 6 months or more and causes clinically significant distress or impairment.
Diagnosis of brain tumors
The diagnosis of brain tumors is a stepwise workup: CT and contrast-enhanced MRI characterize a suspected mass, and biopsy with molecular profiling assigns type and grade.
Diagnosis of congenital disorders of glycosylation
Diagnosis of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) proceeds from transferrin isoelectric focusing screening through enzyme assays to gene sequencing, since over 160 CDG types are recognized.
Diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the process of confirming the X-linked muscle disease, typically by creatine kinase testing followed by genetic testing of the DMD gene.
Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS
Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS: detecting HIV infection via NAT, antigen/antibody, and antibody tests with defined window periods, CDC screening and algorithm guidance, self-testing reliability, and the history from the 1985 ELISA onward.
Diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis is made when a child under 16 has arthritis of unknown cause lasting at least 6 weeks, after leukemia and septic arthritis are excluded.
Diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis requires biopsy of lesional tissue with CD1a and CD207 immunohistochemistry, BRAF V600E molecular testing, and imaging to identify involvement of risk organs.