All articles A–Z
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Dissolution of Austria-Hungary
Dissolution of Austria-Hungary: the Habsburg Monarchy's breakup in November 1918 after WWI defeat, internal secession (Czechoslovakia, SHS state), Karl's renunciation, seven successor states, the Saint-Germain treaty, and a century of historiographical debate over inevitability.
Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
Dissolution of Czechoslovakia, the Velvet Divorce: the negotiated split of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic into the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic on 1 January 1993, decided by elites despite majority support for a common state.
Dissolution of Gran Colombia
Dissolution of Gran Colombia (1829–1831): breakup of Bolívar's Republic of Colombia into Venezuela, Ecuador, and New Granada after Páez's 1826 rebellion, the failed Ocaña Convention, Bolívar's 1828 dictatorship, and his death in 1830.
Dissolution of parliament
Dissolution of parliament: formal end of a legislature triggering a general election. UK practice moved from royal prerogative to the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 and back via the 2022 Act; compared with France, Germany, Israel, Japan.
Dissolution of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
Dissolution of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union: the 1991 end of the USSR academy (Академия наук СССР), succeeded in Russia by the restored Russian Academy of Sciences under Yeltsin's decree No. 228 of 21 November 1991, which absorbed members, institutes, and property on RSFSR territory.
Dissolution of the Comintern
The dissolution of the Comintern (Роспуск Коминтерна) was the 1943 winding-up of the Communist International, founded in 1919, announced in Pravda on 22 May 1943.
Dissolution of the Constituent Assembly
The Dissolution of the Constituent Assembly (Разгон Учредительного собрания) was the Bolshevik government's forcible dispersal of Russia's elected Constituent Assembly in Petrograd in January 1918.
Dissolution of the Federal Republic of Central America
The dissolution of the Federal Republic of Central America (Provincias Unidas del Centro de América) was the breakup, beginning in 1838, of the federation into five sovereign republics amid civil war.
Dissolution of the First Duma and the Vyborg Appeal
The First Duma, Russia's first elected parliament, was dissolved by Nicholas II on 8 July 1906 after 72 days; about 200 deputies then issued the Vyborg Appeal.
Dissolution of the Golden Horde
The dissolution of the Golden Horde was the breakup of the Mongol khanate in the fifteenth century, ending with the Great Horde's destruction in 1502.
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire: end of the Old Reich on 6 August 1806, when Francis II abdicated under Napoleon's ultimatum after the Confederation of the Rhine's founding, followed by the 1815 German Confederation.
Dissolution of the Korean Army
The dissolution of the Korean Army (군대해산) was Japan's forced disbanding of the Korean Empire's army in 1907 under the Third Japan–Korea Agreement, after which disbanded soldiers joined the righteous armies.
Dissolution of the Kuomintang and Parliament
The dissolution of the Kuomintang and Parliament was President Yuan Shikai's 1913 suppression of the Kuomintang and the Republic of China's National Assembly, leaving it without quorum.
Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire (الدولة العثمانية)
Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire (الدولة العثمانية): the empire's territorial loss and final abolition after WWI defeat, from the 1918 Mudros armistice through Sèvres (1920), the Turkish national movement, and the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne.
Dissolution of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
Dissolution of the UK Parliament: the formal end of a Parliament before a general election, done by the Sovereign on the Prime Minister's request under the Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022, with a five-year maximum term and a 25-working-day election timetable.
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
Dissolution of the Soviet Union (Распад СССР), December 1991 breakup of the USSR into 15 republics via Belavezha Accords, Gorbachev's December 25 resignation, Russian succession to the UN seat, and debt, treaty, and nuclear succession.
Dissolution of the Warsaw Pact
The dissolution of the Warsaw Pact ended the Soviet-led military alliance in 1991, with military structures disbanded in February and political organs dissolved in July.
Dissolution recycling
Dissolution recycling is a solvent-based plastics recycling process that selectively dissolves a target polymer out of mixed waste, recovering it with chains intact without chemical change.
Dissolution recycling of polyethylene
Dissolution recycling of polyethylene is a solvent-based physical recycling method in which waste PE is dissolved, separated from contaminants by filtration, and reprecipitated with its polymer chains intact.
Dissolution testing
Dissolution testing is a laboratory procedure that measures the rate and extent to which a drug substance is released from a dosage form, such as a tablet or capsule, under controlled conditions.
Dissolution–precipitation
Dissolution–precipitation, also called coupled dissolution–reprecipitation (CDR), is a fluid-mediated solid-to-solid transformation in which a parent solid dissolves and a more stable phase precipitates at a shared reaction front, driving zeolite synthesis and CO2 mineral storage.
Dissolved air flotation
Dissolved air flotation (DAF) is a water treatment process that dissolves air under pressure and releases fine bubbles that float particles, oils, and algae for skimming.
Dissolved gas analysis
Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is a diagnostic method measuring gases dissolved in transformer insulating oil to detect internal faults such as overheating, arcing, and partial discharge.
Dissolved inorganic carbon
Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is the total inorganic carbon dissolved in seawater, mainly bicarbonate, carbonate, and carbon dioxide, and is the route by which human-made CO₂ enters the ocean.
Dissolved organic carbon
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is the organic carbon in water that passes a 0.45-micrometer filter, making up about 90% of total organic carbon in most waters.
Dissolved oxygen
Dissolved oxygen (DO) is the amount of oxygen gas dissolved in water and available to aquatic organisms, usually reported in mg/L, and a core measure of water quality.
Dissostichus mawsoni
Dissostichus mawsoni, Antarctic toothfish (also Antarctic cod, Mawson's toothfish), a large nototheniid fish of the Southern Ocean reaching 2 m and 135 kg, managed by CCAMLR in Ross Sea longline fisheries with a 3,278 t catch limit.
Distaff
Distaff: a stick or board holding raw flax, hemp, or wool for spinning with a spindle or wheel; also called rock or Fingerkunkel. Symbol of women's work, source of "distaff side" and St Distaff's Day.
Distal 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome
Distal 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome (atypical 16p11.2 deletion, OMIM 613444) is a rare ~220 kb chromosome 16p11.2 BP2-BP3 deletion involving SH2B1, causing developmental delay, autism, and severe early-onset obesity.
Distal 17p13.1 microdeletion syndrome
Distal 17p13.1 microdeletion syndrome (distal del(17)(p13.1), ORPHA:319171) is an ultra-rare chromosomal disorder with developmental delay, absent speech, microcephaly, and distinctive facial features from small 17p13.1 deletions near TP53.