All articles A–Z
519,064 articles
Distribution system state estimation
Distribution system state estimation (DSSE) is a power systems method that infers voltage magnitudes and angles across a distribution feeder from limited real-time and pseudo-measurements.
Distribution transformer
A distribution transformer, also called a pole pig or service transformer, makes the final step in voltage reduction, converting medium grid voltage to the low voltage used by homes and businesses.
Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis
Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis (DCEA) is a health economic evaluation method, introduced in 2014, that estimates how an intervention's costs and health effects are distributed across social subgroups.
Distributional hypothesis
The distributional hypothesis is the linguistic claim, stated by Zellig Harris in 1954, that words occurring in the same contexts tend to have similar meanings, underlying word embeddings in NLP.
Distributional regression
Distributional regression is a class of statistical models that estimates the full conditional distribution of a response given explanatory variables, capturing variance, skewness, and tails.
Distributional reinforcement learning
Distributional reinforcement learning learns the full probability distribution of an agent's random return, not just its expected value. It was introduced by Bellemare, Dabney, and Munos at DeepMind in 2017.
Distributionally robust optimization
Distributionally robust optimization (DRO) is a decision-making framework for uncertainty in which the probability distribution itself is unknown, so decisions perform best under the worst plausible distribution.
Distributism
Distributism, also known as distributionism, is an economic school formulated around 1912 by English Catholic writers Hilaire Belloc and G.K. Chesterton, favoring widespread family ownership of productive property as a third way between capitalism and socialism.
Distributive justice
Distributive justice: the principles governing fair allocation of benefits and burdens in society. Also called social or economic justice; spans Rawls's difference principle, egalitarian, desert-based, welfare-based, and libertarian theories, plus empirical research on fairness judgments and applications in climate, urban, and AI policy.
Distributive lattice
Distributive lattice: a lattice whose meet and join satisfy the distributive laws; examples include power sets and products of chains. Characterized by forbidden sublattices N5 and M3, and finite ones are lattices of order ideals of a poset (Birkhoff).
Distributive property
The distributive property, also called the distributive law, is the arithmetic rule that a factor times a sum equals the sum of the factor times each addend, written a(b + c) = ab + ac.
Distributive shock
Distributive shock, also called vasodilatory shock, is circulatory shock from widespread vasodilation with normal blood volume. Subtypes are septic, anaphylactic, neurogenic, and toxin-induced shock; it is the most common shock type and is treated with fluids and vasopressors.
Distributor
A distributor is a device in the ignition system of a spark-ignition engine that routes high voltage from one ignition coil to each spark plug in the correct firing order.
District
A district is a defined geographic area for public administration, service delivery, or representation; its powers and governance, from elected councils to appointed officials, are set by national or regional law.
District 13
District 13 (Banlieue 13, District B13) is a 2004 French action film by Pierre Morel, written by Luc Besson, starring Cyril Raffaelli and parkour pioneer David Belle in a walled-off Paris ghetto defusing a neutron bomb.
District 21
District 21 is Malaysia's post-apocalyptic-themed indoor adventure theme park in IOI City Mall, Putrajaya/Sepang, with eight physical attractions, five Malaysia Book of Records firsts, RM64-80 entry, and 12pm-8pm weekday hours.
District 8
District 8 is a Dublin electronic-music club and promoter founded in 2014, which ran the Tivoli Theatre until 2019 and now operates Index and the District X festival.
District 9
District 9, also known as District Nine, is a 2009 science fiction film directed by Neill Blomkamp and produced by Peter Jackson, about alien refugees confined to a Johannesburg slum.
District attorney
District attorney (DA): the chief local prosecutor for a US county or judicial district, also called state's attorney or county attorney. Holds broad charging discretion, is elected in most states, and faces election-year sentencing effects.
District court
U.S. district courts, also called federal district courts, are the 94 primary trial courts of the U.S. federal judiciary, created by the Judiciary Act of 1789, hearing nearly all federal civil and criminal cases with appeals to circuit courts.
District courts in Scotland
District courts in Scotland were lay summary criminal courts for minor offenses from 1975 until their abolition under the Criminal Proceedings etc. (Reform) (Scotland) Act 2007.
District de Diekirch
District de Diekirch, former northern district of Luxembourg created by the 1843 law, covering the cantons of Diekirch, Clervaux, Redange, Vianden, and Wiltz; largest of three districts, abolished 3 October 2015.
District de Grevenmacher
The District de Grevenmacher (Luxembourgish: Distrikt Gréiwemaacher) was one of the three districts of Luxembourg, with its capital at Grevenmacher, existing from 1843 to 2015.
District de Luxembourg
District de Luxembourg (Distrikt Lëtzebuerg), a former first-level district of Luxembourg grouping the cantons of Capellen, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg, and Mersch; headed by a state-appointed district commissioner and abolished by the law of 2 September 2015.
District de Nouakchott
District de Nouakchott (Wilaya de Nouakchott) was Mauritania's capital district, made a wilaya in 1990 with nine moughataas, then split in 2014 into Nouakchott Nord, Ouest, and Sud.
District Department of Transportation
The District Department of Transportation (DDOT) is the cabinet-level District of Columbia agency responsible for roads, bridges, sidewalks, transit, and traffic safety, established in 2002 and reporting to the Mayor.
District des Montagnes
The District des Montagnes is an administrative district of western Côte d'Ivoire, centered on the city of Man and covering the Tonkpi, Guémon, and Cavally regions.
District heating
District heating, also called teleheating or a heat network, supplies hot water or steam to buildings through insulated pipes, often more efficiently than individual heating.
District Hospitals
District hospitals: government-controlled hospitals serving as the major health facility for a designated geographic area; first referral level between primary care clinics and regional or tertiary hospitals, providing generalist 24-hour care.
District line
The District line is a London Underground line running east to west across London from Upminster to Ealing Broadway, Richmond, and Wimbledon, serving 60 stations.