All articles A–Z
519,064 articles
Disturbance estimation
Disturbance estimation is a family of control methods that reconstructs unknown external disturbances and model uncertainties acting on a dynamical system from its measured input and output.
Disturbance observer
A disturbance observer (DOB) is a control-system structure that estimates the combined effect of disturbances and model uncertainty so a feedback controller can compensate for them.
Disturbance observer control
Disturbance observer control (DOBC) is a robust control method in which a disturbance observer estimates disturbances and plant model uncertainty and feeds the estimate back to cancel them.
Disturbance of affect
Disturbance of affect (ICD-11 MB24.6) is a symptom code for a disturbance in the expression or outward manifestation of mood, under MB24 symptoms involving mood or affect, distinct from diagnosable mood disorders.
Disturbance of body image
Disturbance of body image (ICD-11 MB27.3), also called body image disturbance: excessively negative, distorted, or inaccurate perception of one's own body; core feature of eating disorders and body dysmorphic disorder.
Disturbances in tooth eruption
Disturbances in tooth eruption are delays, premature eruption, or complete failure of teeth to emerge from the jaw, caused by local obstructions, ankylosis, or genetic and systemic factors.
Disturbances in tooth formation
Disturbances in tooth formation (ICD-10 K00.4; ICD-11 DA07.3) are developmental odontogenesis disorders including enamel hypoplasia, dilaceration, regional odontodysplasia, and Turner tooth, caused by genetic or environmental disruption of tooth development.
Disturbances of oral epithelium
Disturbances of oral epithelium (ICD-11 DA01.0) groups oral epithelial disorders including leukoplakia, hairy leukoplakia, and wandering rash of the mouth, continuing ICD-10 K13.2; leukoplakia carries a 3-17% 10-year oral cancer transformation risk.
Disturbances of salivary secretion
Disturbances of salivary secretion (ICD-11 DA04.6, 唾液分泌障害): conditions of increased (sialorrhoea, hypersalivation) or decreased (hyposalivation, xerostomia-related) saliva secretion, caused by medications, Sjögren's syndrome, aging, and radiation, managed with sialogogues, substitutes, botulinum toxin, or surgery.
Disturbances of smell or taste
Disturbances of smell or taste (ICD-11 MB41): anosmia, hyposmia, parosmia, phantosmia, dysgeusia, hypogeusia, ageusia. Mostly sinonasal, postinfectious, or posttraumatic; diagnosed by ENT psychophysical testing; olfactory training is the main treatment.
Disturbed (band)
Disturbed is an American heavy metal band from Chicago formed in 1996, fronted by David Draiman, with five consecutive Billboard 200 number-one albums and over 17 million units sold.
Disturbed discography
The discography of Disturbed, an American heavy metal band from Chicago, consists of eight studio albums released between 2000 and 2022, led by the five-times Platinum debut The Sickness.
Disturbia (film)
Disturbia is a 2007 American teen suspense thriller directed by D.J. Caruso and starring Shia LaBeouf, about a seventeen-year-old under house arrest who spies on his suburban neighbors.
Disturbia (song)
Disturbia is a 2008 Rihanna single from Good Girl Gone Bad: Reloaded, written by Chris Brown's Graffiti Artizts team and produced by Brian Kennedy and Makeba Riddick; it topped the Billboard Hot 100, peaked at UK number 3, and is RIAA six-times Platinum.
Disturbing Behavior
Disturbing Behavior is a 1998 teen horror film directed by David Nutter, written by Scott Rosenberg, starring James Marsden, Katie Holmes, and Nick Stahl as students uncovering mind control of the Blue Ribbons clique in Cradle Bay, Washington.
Disufenton
Disufenton sodium (NXY-059, Cerovive, OKN-007) is a nitrone free-radical-trapping drug AstraZeneca developed for acute ischemic stroke; positive SAINT I, negative SAINT II, withdrawn, later studied as OKN-007 for glioblastoma.
Disulfide
A disulfide is a chemical compound containing a covalent sulfur–sulfur single bond, R–S–S–R′, formed by oxidation of thiols; in proteins, disulfide bonds between cysteine residues stabilize secreted proteins.
Disulfide exchange self-healing elastomers
Disulfide exchange self-healing elastomers are crosslinked rubbery polymers in which reversible disulfide bonds rebuild the network after damage, first demonstrated by Canadell, Goossens, and Klumperman in 2011.
Disulfiram
Disulfiram (Antabuse) is an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, FDA-approved since 1951 for alcohol dependence, that causes acetaldehyde buildup and an aversive reaction if alcohol is drunk; effective mainly under supervised dosing.
Disulfoton
Disulfoton (Di-Syston, CAS 298-04-4) is a systemic organophosphate insecticide/acaricide first registered in 1958, acting by cholinesterase inhibition; extremely toxic dermally (GHS Category 1) and heavily restricted.
Disused sealed radioactive source
A disused sealed radioactive source is a sealed radioactive source no longer used and not intended to be used again, often from medicine, industry, or research.
Dit
The dit, French for "said," is a medieval French genre of first-person narrative verse, not sung, written by poets such as Machaut, Froissart, and Christine de Pisan.
Dita Von Teese
Dita Von Teese, born Heather Renée Sweet in 1972, is an American burlesque dancer, model, and entrepreneur credited with re-popularizing burlesque, earning the moniker "Queen of Burlesque."
Ditalimfos
Ditalimfos (O,O-diethyl phthalimidophosphonothioate, CAS 5131-24-8) is an obsolete organophosphate and phthalimide fungicide first reported in 1966, used mainly against powdery mildew; not approved in the EU or UK, with a 0.01 mg/kg default MRL.
Ditch mouth
Ditch mouth: the downstream end of a drainage ditch where it discharges into a river, lake, or other receiving water; also called the outlet. Prone to erosion and sediment deposition, stabilized with grassed chutes, rock chutes, or engineered sedimentation basins.
Ditchley
Ditchley is a Roman villa site in Watts Wells Field, West Oxfordshire, England, excavated in 1935 by C.A. Ralegh Radford; occupied about AD 70 to the fifth century and scheduled as monument 1009420.
Diter von Wettstein
Diter von Wettstein (1929–2017) was a German-born plant geneticist and barley breeder who worked in Sweden, Denmark, and the United States, mapping chlorophyll synthesis and developing transgenic barley.
Dith Pran
Dith Pran (ឌិត ប្រន), Cambodian photojournalist (1942–2008), New York Times fixer for Sydney Schanberg, Khmer Rouge forced-labor survivor who coined "killing fields," escaped to Thailand October 3, 1979, and inspired the 1984 film The Killing Fields.
Dither
Dither, also known as dithering, is low-level noise deliberately added to a signal before quantization, replacing signal-dependent distortion with a benign noise floor when audio bit depth is reduced.
Dithiane
Dithiane is a saturated six-membered heterocycle with two sulfur atoms and four carbon atoms; 1,3-dithiane, a cyclic thioacetal of formaldehyde, acts as a masked carbonyl group in umpolung synthesis.