All articles A–Z
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Early federal district judiciary of the United States
The early federal district judiciary was the system of single-judge US district courts created by the Judiciary Act of 1789, with thirteen districts handling admiralty and minor matters.
Early flying machines
Early flying machines were the balloons, gliders, and powered aircraft built from the first manned balloon flights of 1783 to the Wright brothers' powered flight in 1903.
Early goal-directed therapy
Early goal-directed therapy is a six-hour sepsis protocol titrating fluids, vasopressors, transfusion, and dobutamine to targets, introduced in a 2001 trial but no longer recommended after later trials found no mortality benefit.
Early Greek cosmology
Early Greek cosmology: accounts of the universe from Homer and Hesiod's Theogony (Chaos, Gaia, Tartarus, Eros) to the Milesian Presocratics Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes, who proposed single first principles, a naturalistic kosmos, and rival cosmologies.
Early history of American football
Early history of American football, 1869-1906: Rutgers-Princeton first game, soccer-to-rugby transition, Walter Camp's scrimmage and downs rules, 1905 deaths crisis, Roosevelt reforms, and the 1906 forward pass.
Early history of video games
Early history of video games: Cathode-Ray Tube Amusement Device (1948), Nimrod (1951), OXO (1952), Tennis for Two (1958), Spacewar! (1962), Magnavox Odyssey and Pong (1972), and the disputed question of the first video game.
Early human development
Early human development: the field covering fetal, perinatal, and infant neurodevelopment, and the Elsevier journal Early Human Development (ISSN 0378-3782, founded 1977) publishing that research.
Early human migrations
Early human migrations: movements of Homo and Homo sapiens out of Africa, from Homo exits 2-1.8 million years ago (Dmanisi) to the main modern-human dispersal ~70-60 kya, reaching Australia ~60 kya and the Americas within 30,000 years.
Early infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Early infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (EIDEE), formerly Ohtahara syndrome and early myoclonic encephalopathy, is a severe epilepsy syndrome with drug-resistant tonic or myoclonic seizures, burst-suppression EEG, and onset from birth to 3 months.
Early Irish law
Early Irish law (Brehon law) is the vernacular legal system of early medieval Ireland, preserved in over seventy Old Irish tracts mostly from the seventh and eighth centuries, alongside the Latin Collectio canonum Hibernensis, which shaped European canon law.
Early Latin literature
Early Latin literature is the written Latin literature of Rome from its traditional start in 240 BCE with Livius Andronicus down to the early first century BCE, before Cicero and Augustus.
Early Lê dynasty
The Early Lê dynasty (Nhà Tiền Lê) ruled Vietnam's Đại Cồ Việt from 980 to 1009, founded by Lê Đại Hành and known for repelling a Song invasion in 981.
Early life and career of Abraham Lincoln
Early life and career of Abraham Lincoln: Kentucky birth 1809, Indiana boyhood 1816-1830, New Salem years, self-taught law, and four Whig terms in the Illinois legislature from 1834.
Early life and career of Barack Obama
Early life and career of Barack Obama: born 1961 in Honolulu, raised in Hawaii and Indonesia, Columbia 1983, Chicago community organizer 1985-1988, Harvard Law Review president 1990, Illinois State Senator 1996, US Senator 2004.
Early life and education of Donald Trump
Early life and education of Donald Trump: Queens-born (1946) son of Fred and Mary Trump, raised in Jamaica Estates, schooled at Kew-Forest, New York Military Academy (1959-1964), Fordham, then Wharton, BS economics 1968.
Early life and military career of John McCain
Early life and Navy career of John McCain: born 1936 to two four-star admiral fathers' line, Annapolis class of 1958, A-4 pilot shot down over Hanoi in 1967, five and a half years as POW, retired captain 1981.
Early Life Crisis
early life crisis is the 2026 debut studio album by Richmond, Virginia rapper Nettspend on Grade A/Interscope: 21 tracks, features from OsamaSon and YoungBoy Never Broke Again, Billboard 200 peak number 39, Pitchfork score 5.9.
Early life of Elvis Presley
Early life of Elvis Presley: born Elvis Aron Presley January 8, 1935, in Tupelo, Mississippi; twin brother stillborn; gospel, country, blues influences; guitar at 11; Memphis 1948; Sun Records demos 1953–54.
Early life of Frank Sinatra
Early life of Frank Sinatra: the singer's Hoboken, New Jersey childhood, born Francis Albert Sinatra December 12, 1915 at 415 Monroe Street to Italian immigrants Marty and Dolly Sinatra, covering his schooling, Jersey Observer jobs, the 1935 Hoboken Four radio debut, and the 1939 Rustic Cabin and Harry James break.
Early life of Joseph Stalin
Early life of Joseph Stalin (იოსებ სტალინი, ჯუღაშვილი): born Gori 1878 (officially 1879), cobbler's son, seminarian expelled 1899, Batumi strike 1902, Bolshevik fundraiser via robberies, name Stalin from 1912.
Early Ly dynasty
The Early Ly dynasty (Nhà Tiền Lý) was the Vietnamese state of Van Xuan, founded by Ly Bi in 544 and ended by the Sui conquest of 602.
Early lymphoid progenitor
Early lymphoid progenitor (ELP), also called lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitor (LMPP), Cell Ontology CL:0000936: a bone marrow progenitor, Flt3-high LSK, giving rise to B, T, NK cells and dendritic cells while retaining myeloid potential.
Early Man (film)
Early Man is a 2018 British stop-motion animated comedy directed by Nick Park, in which caveman Dug and his tribe face Bronze Age rivals through a football match.
Early medieval European dress
Early medieval European dress, also called early medieval clothing, is the clothing of Europe from roughly the fifth to the twelfth century, built on wool and linen tunics whose color and trim signaled wealth and status.
Early Middle Ages
Early Middle Ages: first phase of the Middle Ages, c. 476 to about 1000, also once called the Dark Ages. Marked by successor kingdoms, Merovingian, Carolingian, and Ottonian rule, and modern historiography emphasizing continuity.
Early model aircraft competitions (1900s–1930s)
Early model aircraft competitions were contests for small, mostly rubber-powered flying models held from about 1905 through the 1930s, growing from sideshows into club and national championships.
Early Modern English
Early Modern English (EModE), c. 1500–1700 (some extend to 1750/1800), the stage of English between Middle and Modern English: Great Vowel Shift, printing-driven spelling standardization, thou-to-you pronoun change, auxiliary do, Renaissance vocabulary growth, Shakespeare and the 1611 King James Bible.
Early modern Europe
Early modern Europe, c. 1450–1789, is the era between the Middle Ages and modern history, covering the Renaissance, Reformation, Military Revolution, fiscal-military state formation, Scientific Revolution, and Enlightenment, with contested periodization boundaries.
Early modern European cuisine
Early modern European cuisine: European cooking and food culture from the late fifteenth to late eighteenth century, shaped by printed cookbooks (Scappi, La Varenne's 1651 Le Cuisinier François), rising national cuisines, Columbian Exchange foods, humoral dietetics, and food as social identity.
Early modern human
Early modern human (anatomically modern human, Homo sapiens): our species from roughly the last 300,000 years, defined by a high forehead, chin, and ~1,300 cc brain; oldest fossils at Jebel Irhoud 315 ka; major out-of-Africa dispersal 60–50 ka with 1–2% Neanderthal DNA.