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Economic history of Thailand
The economic history of Thailand traces its growth from a rice exporter into an upper-middle-income manufacturing and tourism economy, disrupted by the 1997 baht crisis.
Economic history of the Czech Republic
The economic history of the Czech Republic covers its transition from central planning to a market economy after 1989, including voucher privatization and the 1997 currency crisis.
Economic history of the Netherlands
The economic history of the Netherlands runs from medieval North Sea trade through the Dutch Golden Age, when Holland was Europe's richest country, to today's services economy.
Economic history of the Ottoman Empire
The economic history of the Ottoman Empire, also called the Ottoman economy, covers six centuries from the timar land-grant system through tax farming to foreign debt.
Economic history of the Philippines
The economic history of the Philippines covers an economy that entered 1960 ahead of its neighbors, declined through the Marcos debt crisis, and partially recovered after 2011.
Economic history of the Republic of Ireland
The economic history of the Republic of Ireland traces its move from protectionism and mass emigration to Celtic Tiger growth, driven by foreign investment and EU membership.
Economic history of the United Arab Emirates
The economic history of the United Arab Emirates traces its rise from pearling and trade to oil wealth after first exports in 1962 and federation in 1971.
Economic history of the United Kingdom
The economic history of the United Kingdom, also called British economic history, traces Britain's economy from medieval agriculture through the Industrial Revolution, decline, and postwar growth.
Economic history of the United States
The economic history of the United States traces the American economy from colonial agricultural societies into a modern industrial economy, with continuous GDP records from 1790 to the present.
Economic history of the world
Economic history of the world, also called world economic history, studies long-run production and living standards across all regions, centered on the Great Divergence debate.
Economic history of Turkey
The economic history of Turkey traces the republic's economy since its 1923 founding, through étatist industrialization, import substitution, post-1980 liberalization, repeated crises, and the 2001 turning point.
Economic history of Uganda under Idi Amin
The economic history of Uganda under Idi Amin covers the 1971 to 1979 military regime, whose 1972 economic war expelled some 50,000 Asians and destroyed the commercial base.
Economic history of Ukraine
The economic history of Ukraine traces its economy from grain exporter in the Russian Empire through Soviet industrialization, post-1991 transition collapse, and the war economy since 2022.
Economic history of Vietnam
The economic history of Vietnam covers its move from colonial export production through partition, war, and central planning to fast growth after the 1986 Đổi Mới reforms.
Economic impact analysis
Economic impact analysis (EIA) estimates the change in jobs, income, and output in a designated area from a project, event, or policy, compared with a counterfactual base case.
Economic impact of the 2026 Iran war
The economic impact of the 2026 Iran war covers the conflict's effects on oil, shipping, inflation, and growth, including the largest geopolitical oil supply disruption in history.
Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
The economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was the deepest and most synchronized global recession since World War II, with global GDP falling 3.0 percent in 2020.
Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India
The economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India, also called the COVID-19 recession in India, saw GDP fall 7.3 percent in 2020-21 after a record 23.9 percent quarterly collapse.
Economic indicator
An economic indicator, also called a business indicator, is a statistic that tracks economic conditions, classified as leading, coincident, or lagging relative to the business cycle.
Economic inequality
Economic inequality, also called socioeconomic inequality, is the extent to which income, wealth, or consumption is unevenly distributed among a population, measured with the Gini coefficient and top income shares.
Economic integration
Economic integration is the process by which national economies remove barriers and merge trade and economic policies, moving through stages from free-trade area to complete economic union.
Economic liberalisation in India
Economic liberalisation in India, also called economic reform in India, is the 1991 policy shift toward markets launched by P. V. Narasimha Rao and Manmohan Singh.
Economic liberalism
Economic liberalism: doctrine of personal liberty, private property, free trade, and limited government, emerging with Adam Smith against mercantilism; later variants include social liberalism, neoliberalism (Hayek, Friedman), and German ordoliberalism.
Economic liberalization
Economic liberalization, also known as market liberalization, is the replacement of administrative controls on economic activity with price signals, as in the Washington Consensus reforms of privatization, deregulation, and trade liberalization.
Economic model
An economic model is a simplified description of reality, designed to yield testable hypotheses about economic behavior; its design is necessarily subjective because measures like GDP and employment involve methodological choices and uncertainty.
Economic nationalism
Economic nationalism is the set of policies favoring domestic economic interests over foreign ones, driven by nationalist ideology; its tools include tariffs, subsidies, and immigration restrictions.
Economic New Order Movement
The Economic New Order Movement (経済新体制運動) was a Japanese wartime program of 1940 and 1941, planned by reform bureaucrats under Konoe, that reorganized industry under state guidance through economic associations.
Economic order quantity
The economic order quantity (EOQ) is the order size that minimizes combined inventory holding and ordering costs, first presented by Ford W. Harris in 1913.
Economic Partnership Agreements
Economic Partnership Agreements are reciprocal, asymmetric free trade agreements between the European Union and African, Caribbean, and Pacific countries, negotiated from 2002 to replace unilateral EU trade preferences.
Economic planning
Economic planning is the direction of an economy by a national plan, used by most countries by the late 1960s and centered on Gosplan in the Soviet Union.