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Economic Planning Board
The Economic Planning Board (경제기획원, EPB) was South Korea's super-ministry for economic development from 1961 to 1994, which designed the Five-Year Plans and was merged into the Ministry of Finance and Economy.
Economic policy
Economic policy is the set of fiscal, monetary, structural, and regulatory instruments governments use to promote sustainable economic performance, resilience, productivity, and well-being, spanning four families of tools.
Economic Policy Institute
Economic Policy Institute (EPI), founded 1986 in Washington, D.C. by Jeff Faux, Lester Thurow, Barry Bluestone, Robert Reich, Robert Kuttner, and Ray Marshall; a progressive 501(c)(3) labor-aligned think tank publishing the State of Working America. Distinct from the Employment Policies Institute (epionline.org).
Economic policy of the Popular Unity government
The economic policy of the Popular Unity government was Salvador Allende's program of nationalization, agrarian reform, and income redistribution in Chile from 1970 to 1973.
Economic policy of the second Trump administration
The economic policy of the second Trump administration, begun in January 2025, features broad import tariffs, extended 2017 tax cuts through the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, and spending cuts.
Economic problem
The economic problem, also called the basic economic problem, is the mismatch between unlimited human wants and scarce resources, forcing choices about what, how, and for whom to produce.
Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR
Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR (Экономические проблемы социализма в СССР) is Joseph Stalin's last theoretical work, published in 1952, defending commodity production under socialism.
Economic production quantity model
The economic production quantity (EPQ) model, also called the economic manufacturing quantity model, computes the production lot size that minimizes combined setup and inventory holding costs.
Economic reforms of Javier Milei
The economic reforms of Javier Milei are the stabilization and deregulation program Argentina's president launched in December 2023, combining sharp fiscal cuts with a peso devaluation.
Economic rent
Economic rent is the payment to a factor of production, such as land or labor, in excess of the minimum needed to keep it in its present use.
Economic sanctions
Economic sanctions: punitive trade, financial, and targeted measures imposed by states, the EU, or the UN to change a target's behavior; success rates estimated at roughly 4–40%.
Economic sociology
Economic sociology studies economic activity in relation to social life (family, law, politics, culture), rejecting political economy as a separate science; it flowered 1890–1920 with Durkheim, Pareto, and Weber, was marginalized, and was reborn in the 1980s around Granovetter's embeddedness and networks.
Economic stagnation
Economic stagnation is a protracted period of weak growth; in its secular form, even zero interest rates fail to generate enough demand for full employment.
Economic Status
Economic status, also called socioeconomic status (SES), is a person's or household's economic position measured by income, wealth, assets, education, and occupation; central to health inequality and stratification research.
Economic Stimulus Act of 2008
The Economic Stimulus Act of 2008 was a US federal law signed by President Bush on February 13, 2008, providing $168 billion in tax rebates and business incentives.
Economic surplus
Economic surplus, also called Marshallian surplus, is the sum of consumer and producer surplus, the money measure of gains from trade, maximized where demand and supply intersect.
Economic system
An economic system is the arrangement a society uses to decide what to produce, how to produce it, and who receives the output, defined by property rights and coordination.
Economically Weaker Section
The Economically Weaker Section (EWS), or EWS reservation, is an Indian category reserving 10 percent of educational seats and government posts for people outside caste quotas.
Economics
Economics, also called economic science, is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of wealth, divided into microeconomics, which studies individual markets and prices, and macroeconomics, which studies inflation, GDP, and unemployment.
Economics and regulation of carbon capture and storage
The economics and regulation of carbon capture and storage cover capture costs from $15 to $120 per metric ton, tax credits and carbon pricing, storage liability, and project deployment.
Economics of aquaculture systems
The economics of aquaculture systems studies how costs, revenues, and returns of farmed aquatic food production vary by system, from earthen ponds to sea cages and recirculating tanks.
Economics of crime
The economics of crime is the branch of economics that treats crime as a rational choice and evaluates enforcement, punishment, and policy by their costs and effects.
Economics of Education Review
The Economics of Education Review is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Elsevier since 1981, covering education policy, finance, and the returns to human capital.
Economics of fascism
Economics of fascism: the economic systems of Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, and Francoist Spain, blending private property with state direction. Key features: early Italian laissez-faire under De Stefani, corporatism, IRI and IMI state holdings, autarky, and Nazi rearmament and privatization.
Economics of reusable launch vehicles
The economics of reusable launch vehicles study whether recovering and reflying rocket hardware lowers launch costs; the Space Shuttle failed at this and SpaceX's Falcon 9 succeeded.
Economics, law and policy of dam removal
The economics, law and policy of dam removal covers who pays to dismantle a dam, who bears liability, and removal versus repair, with over 2,000 US dams removed since 1912.
Economies of scale
Economies of scale, or economy of scale, are the falling average costs a firm enjoys as its output rises, so larger producers make each unit more cheaply.
Economies of scope
Economies of scope are the cost savings a firm gains by producing several products together rather than separately, a concept named by Panzar and Willig in 1975.
Economist
An economist is a professional who studies how people, firms, and governments allocate scarce resources, applying economic theory and statistics to analyze data, evaluate policies, and forecast trends.
Economist Intelligence Unit
The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), also known as Economist Intelligence Unit Limited, is the London-based research and analysis division of The Economist Group, founded in 1946 and known for the Democracy Index and Global Liveability Index.