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Effective dose (radiation)
Effective dose, also known as effective dose equivalent or effective radiation dose, is an ICRP radiation protection quantity expressing cancer risk from non-uniform body exposure as a tissue-weighted sum of organ doses, measured in sievents.
Effective duration
Effective duration is a fixed-income risk measure estimating a bond's percentage price change for a parallel yield-curve shift, useful for callable bonds and mortgage-backed securities whose cash flows change.
Effective field theory
An effective field theory (EFT) is a quantum field theory describing a system below a chosen energy scale, organizing suppressed corrections from higher-energy physics through power counting.
Effective field theory of gravity
The effective field theory of gravity treats general relativity as a low-energy quantum field theory, predicting finite quantum corrections like the corrected Newtonian potential below the Planck scale.
Effective field theory of large-scale structure
The effective field theory of large-scale structure (EFTofLSS) is a cosmological framework that predicts matter and galaxy clustering by treating dark matter as an effective fluid.
Effective interest rate
The effective interest rate, or effective annual rate, is the single annual rate matching a nominal rate's compounding, such as a 1.5% monthly card rate equaling 19.56% a year.
Effective length factor
The effective length factor, usually written K, is a dimensionless coefficient in structural engineering that converts a compression member's actual length into an equivalent pinned-end length for buckling design.
Effective mass (solid-state physics)
Effective mass, also called electron effective mass, is the mass an electron or hole appears to have moving through a crystal, defined by the curvature of its energy band.
Effective neutron multiplication factor
The effective neutron multiplication factor, written keff, measures neutrons produced per generation against those lost to absorption and leakage, deciding whether a chain reaction dies out, sustains itself, or grows.
Effective nuclear charge
Effective nuclear charge is the net positive charge an electron in a multi-electron atom experiences after shielding by the other electrons, written Zeff = Z − S.
Effective potential
The effective potential in general relativity is a function of the radial coordinate that reduces the Schwarzschild orbital motion of a test particle to a one-dimensional energy equation.
Effective radiated power
Effective radiated power (ERP) is a standardized measure of a transmitter's directional radio-frequency power: the antenna input power multiplied by the antenna's gain relative to a half-wave dipole.
Effective radiative forcing
Effective radiative forcing (ERF) is the change in Earth's energy balance from a climate perturbation after rapid atmospheric adjustments, measured in watts per square meter.
Effective radius (cloud physics)
The effective radius in cloud physics is a characteristic droplet radius, defined as the ratio of the third to the second moment of the particle size distribution.
Effective rainfall
Effective rainfall, also called effective precipitation, is the portion of total rainfall useful for a stated purpose, most often crop water supply in the root zone.
Effective sample size
Effective sample size (ESS) is a diagnostic for Markov chain Monte Carlo expressing how many independent draws would carry the same estimation information as autocorrelated draws obtained.
Effective SNR mapping
Effective SNR mapping (ESM) is a physical-layer abstraction in wireless communications that compresses per-subcarrier SINR values into one effective SNR, used in LTE, 5G NR, and WiMAX simulators.
Effective tax rate
The effective tax rate is the share of income actually paid in tax, typically a corporation's tax expense divided by pretax book income, and it often differs from the statutory rate.
Effective temperature
Effective temperature is the temperature at which a blackbody would radiate the same total power as a source; Earth's is 254.0 K against a surface mean of 15°C.
Effectiveness factor
The effectiveness factor is a dimensionless number in heterogeneous catalysis, the ratio of a porous pellet's actual reaction rate to the rate without internal diffusion limitation.
Effector protein Avr2-like
Avr2-like (A2l) is an allelic RXLR effector variant of Phytophthora infestans that evades recognition by the potato R2 immune receptor, unlike AVR2; distinct from the unrelated fungal Avr2 protease inhibitors of Cladosporium fulvum and Fusarium oxysporum.
Effector T cell
Effector T cell: antigen-activated T lymphocyte (Teff) that performs immediate immune action via cytotoxicity and cytokines, marked by T-bet, EOMES, BLIMP-1, high glycolysis, no self-renewal; distinct from central and effector memory subsets.
eFFECTOR Therapeutics
eFFECTOR Therapeutics was a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company in Solana Beach, California, founded in 2012, whose cancer drugs tomivosertib and zotatifin failed to save it from winding down in 2024.
Effector TSP1
Effector TSP1 (Tsp1) is a small secreted cysteine-rich effector protein of the fungus Trichoderma virens, structurally a dimeric beta-barrel related to Alt a1 and PevD1, that induces salicylic acid mediated susceptibility in maize.
Effects and aftermath of rape
Effects and aftermath of rape: immediate medical care (STI prophylaxis, emergency contraception within 120 hours, hepatitis B and HPV vaccination), rape trauma syndrome and PTSD, long-term health effects, and secondary victimization in legal systems.
Effects of cannabis
Effects of cannabis (marijuana): THC and CBD act on the endocannabinoid system's CB1/CB2 receptors, causing euphoria, increased heart rate, memory impairment, addiction risk (3 in 10 users), and limited FDA-approved therapeutic uses like Epidiolex.
Effects of climate change
The effects of climate change are the consequences of human-caused global warming: rising temperatures, melting ice, sea level rise, and extreme weather that disrupt health, food systems, and economies.
Effects of climate change on small island countries
Climate change severely affects small island countries, which contribute little to global emissions but face sea-level rise, stronger cyclones, drought, and food and water insecurity.
Effects of divorce
Effects of divorce cover consequences of marital dissolution for adults and children. US research links parental divorce to lower adult earnings, higher incarceration, teen births, and mortality, mediated by income loss, neighborhood change, and reduced parent proximity.
Effects of domestic violence on children
Children's exposure to domestic violence, also called witnessing domestic violence, is when children see, hear, or are otherwise involved in home violence between adults, now recognized as a form of child abuse with psychological, behavioral, health, and intergenerational effects.