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Electrochemical C–N coupling
Electrochemical C–N coupling is the electrocatalytic formation of carbon–nitrogen bonds from small-molecule feedstocks like CO₂, N₂, and nitrate into value-added products such as urea and amines.
Electrochemical carbon capture
Electrochemical carbon capture is a family of methods in which electric current, rather than heat, drives the capture and release of CO2 from flue gas, air, or seawater.
Electrochemical carboxylation
Electrochemical carboxylation, also called electrocarboxylation, uses electrochemical reducing power, typically at a cathode, to install carbon dioxide as a carboxyl group onto organic substrates, giving carboxylic acids under mild conditions.
Electrochemical carboxylation using captured CO2
Electrochemical carboxylation using captured CO2, also called electrocarboxylation, is a synthesis method that fixes CO2 recovered from emissions into organic substrates, forming carbon-carbon bonds and yielding carboxylic acids.
Electrochemical cement production
Electrochemical cement production converts calcium feedstocks into cement using electricity rather than high-temperature limestone calcination, targeting process emissions behind about 8% of global CO2; Sublime Systems runs a commercial plant.
Electrochemical CO reduction
Electrochemical CO reduction is an electrocatalysis method in which carbon monoxide is reduced at a copper cathode to value-added fuels and feedstocks, chiefly ethylene, ethanol, acetate, and methane.
Electrochemical CO2 capture with quinones
Electrochemical CO2 capture with quinones uses battery-like redox cells in which quinones bind CO2 when reduced and release it when oxidized, using electricity instead of heat.
Electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate
Electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate converts carbon dioxide into formate or formic acid at a cathode, a leading route for turning waste CO2 into value-added chemicals.
Electrochemical cross-coupling
Electrochemical cross-coupling forms carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds using electrode-supplied electrons instead of stoichiometric chemical reagents, a field that has grown rapidly since the mid-2010s.
Electrochemical cross-electrophile coupling
Electrochemical cross-electrophile coupling (eXEC) is a carbon–carbon bond-forming reaction joining two electrophiles, such as organic halides, under nickel catalysis with reducing equivalents supplied by electricity instead of metal reductants.
Electrochemical dearomatization
Electrochemical dearomatization is a set of organic synthesis methods that use electrode electrons instead of chemical oxidants to convert planar aromatic rings into sp3-rich cyclic products.
Electrochemical depolymerization of lignin and plastics in flow reactors
Electrochemical depolymerization of lignin and plastics in flow reactors uses electric current in continuously pumped electrolyte to break lignin and plastic waste into aromatic monomers and hydrogen under mild conditions.
Electrochemical difunctionalization
Electrochemical difunctionalization is a class of organic reactions that adds two functional groups across alkene or alkyne bonds using electrode-driven electric current instead of chemical oxidants.
Electrochemical discharge machining
Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM), also known as spark assisted chemical engraving (SACE), is a micromachining process that machines nonconductive materials like glass, quartz, and ceramics for MEMS devices.
Electrochemical flow chemistry
Electrochemical flow chemistry performs electrochemical reactions, where electrodes replace chemical oxidants and reductants, in a flowing reactor rather than a batch vessel, and is regarded as the best scale-up strategy for electrosynthesis.
Electrochemical fluorination
Electrochemical fluorination, also called the Simons process, replaces carbon-bonded hydrogen with fluorine by electrolysis in liquid anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, first commercialized by 3M in 1951.
Electrochemical hydrogen compressor
An electrochemical hydrogen compressor (EHC) is a device that compresses hydrogen by pumping protons across a proton exchange membrane, offering noiseless, vibration-free operation with no moving parts.
Electrochemical hydrogenation
Electrochemical hydrogenation (ECH) is a method of adding hydrogen to unsaturated organic compounds in an electrochemical cell, where the cathode supplies electrons and water serves as the hydrogen source, avoiding compressed hydrogen gas.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), also known as AC impedance spectroscopy, applies small sinusoidal voltages across many frequencies to separate processes like charge transfer, diffusion, and adsorption.
Electrochemical ironmaking
Electrochemical ironmaking is the reduction of iron ore to metallic iron by electrolysis, using electricity instead of carbon or hydrogen, developed as a near-zero-emission alternative to blast furnace ironmaking.
Electrochemical Kolbe-type couplings
Electrochemical Kolbe-type couplings are anodic decarboxylative reactions in which carboxylic acids are oxidized at an electrode to form carbon radicals that forge new carbon–carbon bonds.
Electrochemical machining
Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a manufacturing process that dissolves metal from a conductive workpiece in an electrolyte, shaping hard alloys like turbine blades without tool wear or a heat-affected layer.
Electrochemical mass spectrometry
Electrochemical mass spectrometry (EC-MS), including the DEMS variant, couples an electrochemical cell to a mass spectrometer to detect and quantify volatile electrode products and intermediates in real time.
Electrochemical methane oxidation
Electrochemical methane oxidation converts methane to partially oxidized products such as methanol at an electrode under mild conditions, aiming for selectivity against the competing oxygen evolution reaction.
Electrochemical nickel catalysis
Electrochemical nickel catalysis applies an electric current through electrodes to generate the active oxidation states of a nickel catalyst in organic synthesis, growing rapidly since about 2010.
Electrochemical nitrate reduction
Electrochemical nitrate reduction (NO3RR) is an electrocatalytic method that converts dissolved nitrate ions into ammonia or nitrogen gas, for ammonia synthesis and nitrate removal from water.
Electrochemical nitrogen reduction
Electrochemical nitrogen reduction (NRR) is an electrocatalytic method that converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia at an electrode, pursued as an alternative to the Haber–Bosch process.
Electrochemical organocatalysis
Electrochemical organocatalysis combines organocatalysis, catalysis by small metal-free organic molecules, with anodic or cathodic electron transfer, so an electrode replaces stoichiometric chemical oxidants or reductants in asymmetric synthesis.
Electrochemical oxidation
Electrochemical oxidation is a chemical reaction in which an atom or molecule loses electrons at the anode when current is passed, used in organic synthesis and water treatment.
Electrochemical oxidation of HMF to FDCA
The electrochemical oxidation of HMF to FDCA is an anodic electrosynthesis converting biomass-derived HMF into FDCA, the precursor to PEF, a recyclable bio-based potential replacement for PET.