All articles A–Z
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Emperor Murakami
Emperor Murakami (村上天皇), personal name Nariakira, was the 62nd emperor of Japan, reigning from 946 to 967; his rule without a regent was later praised as the Tenryaku no chi.
Emperor Muzong of Liao
Emperor Muzong of Liao, personal name Yelü Jing (耶律璟), reigned over the Liao dynasty from 951 to 969, remembered for heavy drinking and killed by six attendants.
Emperor Muzong of Tang
Emperor Muzong of Tang (李恒), personal name Li Heng, was emperor of the Tang dynasty from 820 to 824; his reign saw the permanent loss of Hebei to rebel commanders.
Emperor Nijō
Emperor Nijō (二条天皇), personal name Morihito, was the 78th emperor of Japan, reigning 1158 to 1165, remembered for ruling personally against his father Go-Shirakawa's cloistered government.
Emperor Ningzong of Song
Emperor Ningzong of Song (赵扩, Zhao Kuo, 1168–1224) was a Song dynasty emperor who reigned for thirty years and fought a losing war against Jin.
Emperor Ninkō (仁孝天皇)
Emperor Ninkō (仁孝天皇), personal name Ayahito, was the 120th emperor of Japan, reigning 1817–1846 after his father Kōkaku's abdication. He revived court ritual and Confucian learning and was father of Emperor Kōmei.
Emperor Ninmyō (仁明天皇)
Emperor Ninmyō (仁明天皇, 810–850), 54th emperor of Japan, reigned 833–850; son of Saga, his reign is recorded in the Shoku Nihon kōki and marked by the Jōwa Incident of 842.
Emperor Nintoku (仁徳天皇)
Emperor Nintoku (仁徳天皇), 16th legendary emperor of Japan, is attributed the Daisen Kofun, Japan's largest 486 m keyhole burial mound in Sakai, Osaka, built mid-5th century.
Emperor Norton
Emperor Norton, born Joshua Abraham Norton (1818-1880), proclaimed himself Norton I, Emperor of the United States, in San Francisco in 1859; his scrip was honored locally, and myths like the Frisco ban are debunked.
Emperor of Austria
The Emperor of Austria (Kaiser von Österreich) was the hereditary Habsburg monarch title, created by Francis II on 11 August 1804 in reaction to Napoleon, ending with Karl in 1918.
Emperor of China
Emperor of China (huangdi,皇帝): the monarch of imperial China from Qin Shihuangdi's 221 BCE unification to Puyi's 1912 abdication, ruling through the Mandate of Heaven and a hierarchical bureaucracy.
Emperor of Ethiopia
Emperor of Ethiopia (Negus/Negusa Nagast): hereditary sovereign of the Ethiopian Empire, held by the Solomonic dynasty from 1270 until Haile Selassie's 1974 overthrow by the Derg.
Emperor of India
Emperor of India, feminine Empress of India, was a title borne by the British monarch from 1876 to 1947, created under the Royal Titles Act 1876.
Emperor of Japan (天皇)
The Emperor of Japan (天皇, tennō) is Japan's hereditary monarch, defined by the 1947 Constitution as the symbol of the State and unity of the people with no governing powers. Naruhito is the 126th emperor; succession follows the male-line Imperial House Law.
Emperor of Sand
Emperor of Sand is Mastodon's seventh album (Reprise, March 31, 2017), a Grammy-nominated concept record about a man given a death sentence in the desert, written as a metaphor for cancer and grief, produced by Brendan O'Brien; distinct from Tasha Suri's novel Empire of Sand.
Emperor of the French
Emperor of the French (Empereur des Français): imperial title of Napoleon I (from 18 May 1804) and Napoleon III (from 2 December 1852), ruling the nation rather than the territory of France, legitimized by plebiscite; distinct from Emperor of France or Holy Roman Emperor.
Emperor Ōgimachi
Emperor Ōgimachi (正親町天皇), personal name Michihito, was the 106th emperor of Japan, reigning from 1557 to 1586, who rebuilt the impoverished imperial court with the support of Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
Emperor Ōjin (応神天皇)
Emperor Ōjin (応神天皇), traditionally the 15th emperor of Japan, is a semi-legendary late-4th-century ruler deified as the war god Hachiman and credited with bringing Chinese writing to Japan via the scholar Wani.
Emperor penguin
Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri), largest living penguin and the only one breeding during the Antarctic winter on Antarctic sea ice; sister lineage to all other penguins, extreme diver, IUCN Endangered since April 2026 due to sea-ice loss.
Emperor Qianfei of Liu Song
Emperor Qianfei of Liu Song (刘子业, 449–465) reigned over the Liu Song dynasty from 464 to 465, known for executions of senior princes and ministers.
Emperor Qinzong of Song
Emperor Qinzong of Song (赵桓, Zhao Huan, 1100–1161) was the eldest son of Emperor Huizong and the last emperor of the Northern Song, reigning 1126 to 1127.
Emperor Reigen
Emperor Reigen (霊元天皇), personal name Satohito, was the 112nd emperor of Japan, reigning from 1663 to 1687 and known for restoring long-lapsed court ceremonies, including the Daijōsai.
Emperor Reizei
Emperor Reizei (冷泉天皇), personal name Norihira, was a mid-Heian emperor of Japan who reigned from 967 to 969; his mental illness made the Fujiwara regency permanent.
Emperor Renzong of Ming
Emperor Renzong of Ming, born Zhu Gaochi (朱高炽, 1378 to 1425), reigned briefly from 1424, son of the Yongle Emperor, halting the costly treasure voyages.
Emperor Renzong of Song
Emperor Renzong of Song (赵祯, Zhao Zhen, 1010–1063) was the fourth emperor of the Song dynasty, reigning from 1022 to 1063 and succeeded by his nephew Zhao Shu.
Emperor Renzong of Western Xia
Emperor Renzong of Western Xia (夏仁宗), personal name Li Renxiao, was the fifth emperor of Western Xia, reigning from 1139 to 1193, the dynasty's longest reign.
Emperor Richū (履中天皇)
Emperor Richū (履中天皇), also known as Richū-tennō, is the 17th emperor of Japan in the traditional order of succession, recorded as reigning from 400 to 405.
Emperor Ruizong of Tang
Emperor Ruizong of Tang, personal name Li Dan (李旦), 662–716, was a Tang dynasty emperor who reigned twice, abdicating in 712 to his third son, Emperor Xuanzong.
Emperor Saga (嵯峨天皇)
Emperor Saga (嵯峨天皇, 785–842) was the 52nd emperor of Japan, reigning 809–823; brother of Heizei and Junna, victor of the 810 Kusuko incident, compiler of the Kōnin codes, and patron of Kūkai.
Emperor Sakuramachi
Emperor Sakuramachi, personal name Teruhito, was the 115th emperor of Japan, reigning from 1735 to 1747 during the Edo period and known for reviving lapsed imperial ceremonies.