All articles A–Z

EndoGastric Solutions

EndoGastric Solutions, formerly EsophyX, Inc., was a Redmond, Washington medical device company that developed the EsophyX device for incisionless treatment of acid reflux (GERD); Merit Medical acquired it in 2024.

Endogeneity (econometrics)

Endogeneity in econometrics is the condition in which an explanatory variable in a regression is correlated with the error term, producing biased and inconsistent estimates that make reliable inference virtually impossible.

Endogenex

Endogenex is a privately held, clinical-stage medical device company in Minneapolis, Minnesota, founded in partnership with Mayo Clinic to develop an endoscopic treatment for type 2 diabetes.

Endogenous cardiac stem cell

Endogenous cardiac stem cells (CSCs), heart-resident progenitors marked by c-Kit, Sca-1, Isl-1, once proposed for cardiomyocyte regeneration; lineage tracing showed negligible myogenic capacity, refuting the concept.

Endogenous growth theory

Endogenous growth theory, or new growth theory, is the branch of macroeconomics explaining long-run growth as the result of deliberate investment in innovation and research, developed by Paul Romer.

Endogenous retrovirus

An endogenous retrovirus (ERV) is a retroviral genome permanently integrated into a host species' germline DNA and inherited by offspring, making up about 8% of human DNA.

Endogonales

Endogonales: an order of early-diverging fungi in Mucoromycota, forming truffle-like zygospore sporocarps; families Endogonaceae and Densosporaceae; ectomycorrhizal, fine root endophyte, and liverwort symbionts of Silurian origin.

Endogone

Endogone, genus of Mucoromycota fungi (Endogonales, Endogonaceae) erected by Link 1809, type E. pisiformis; truffle-like zygospore sporocarps called pea truffles, ectomycorrhizal and plant-symbiotic, once a cross-phylum catch-all for AM fungi.

Oct 15, 2026

Endohedral fullerene

An endohedral fullerene is a fullerene molecule, a closed hollow cage of carbon atoms, with an atom, ion, or molecule trapped inside its cavity, first observed in 1985 shortly after the discovery of C₆₀ itself.

Endokomuna

Endokomuna, also Endo-Communism, is a Polish portmanteau of Endecja and komunia for a nationalist-communist tendency in the Polish United Workers' Party, strongest under Interior Minister Mieczysław Moczar.

Endologix

Endologix, formerly Cardiovascular Dynamics, is an Irvine, California medical device company making stent graft systems, including AFX and Ovation, for minimally invasive treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Endoluminal vacuum therapy

Endoluminal vacuum therapy (EVT) is an endoscopic treatment in which an open-pore sponge applies continuous negative pressure to close gastrointestinal leaks and perforations, mainly anastomotic leaks after esophageal, gastric, or rectal surgery.

Endolymphatic Shunt

Endolymphatic shunt, also called endolymphatic sac decompression or mastoid shunt, is non-ablative ear surgery for Ménière's disease vertigo, first performed by Georges Portmann in 1926, with 75-95% reported vertigo control.

Endolysin

Endolysin, or murein hydrolase, is a peptidoglycan-degrading enzyme encoded by dsDNA bacteriophages that lyses the host cell wall to release progeny virions. The term was introduced by Jacob and Fuerst in 1957.

Oct 15, 2026

EndoMaster EASE

EndoMaster EASE, developed by EndoMaster of Singapore, is a flexible robotic endoscopic platform for endoscopic submucosal dissection of early gastrointestinal tumors, evolving from the MASTER robot that first performed robotic gastric ESD in humans in 2011.

Endomembrane system

Endomembrane system: the eukaryotic network of ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, lysosomes, vesicles, nuclear envelope, and plasma membrane that synthesizes, sorts, and transports proteins and lipids.

Endometrial ablation

Endometrial ablation is a gynecological procedure that destroys the uterine lining to treat heavy menstrual bleeding unresponsive to medication, offering a safe alternative to hysterectomy.

Endometrial biopsy

Endometrial biopsy is an office-based procedure that removes a small sample of the uterine lining for microscopic diagnosis, chiefly to evaluate abnormal bleeding and detect hyperplasia or cancer.

Endometrial cancer

Endometrial cancer is cancer of the endometrium, the uterine lining; the common form of uterine cancer. About 69,120 US cases projected in 2025; four TCGA molecular subtypes; surgery is the main treatment; no routine screening test.

Oct 20, 2026

Endometrial clear cell adenocarcinoma

Endometrial clear cell adenocarcinoma (endometrial clear cell carcinoma, ECCC) is a rare, aggressive endometrial cancer subtype, under 5% of cases, with papillary/tubulocystic/solid architecture, HNF-1β positivity, ER/PR negativity, and molecularly heterogeneous prognosis.

Oct 20, 2026

Endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma

Endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma, also called endometrioid cancer, is the most common endometrial cancer, arising in endometrial gland cells with a usually good prognosis; graded FIGO 1-3 and classified into POLEmut, MMRd, p53abn, or NSMP molecular subtypes.

Endometrial hyperplasia

Endometrial hyperplasia, also called benign or atypical hyperplasia (EIN/AEH), is overgrowth of the uterine lining from unopposed estrogen; atypical forms are precursors of endometrial cancer, treated with progestins or hysterectomy.

Endometrial mucinous adenocarcinoma

Endometrial mucinous adenocarcinoma (ICD-11 2C76.1): endometrial carcinoma rich in mucin-producing cells. Conventional type behaves like endometrioid carcinoma; rare gastric (gastrointestinal)-type EGMA, a WHO 2020 entity, is aggressive and high grade by definition.

Endometrial polyp

Endometrial polyp: localized overgrowth of uterine lining tissue, also called endometrial polyps. Usually asymptomatic; cause abnormal uterine bleeding or subfertility; about 3% malignant risk; diagnosed by ultrasound and hysteroscopy, treated by hysteroscopic polypectomy.

Endometrial sampling

Endometrial sampling is an office gynecological procedure that removes a small piece of the uterine lining, usually with a Pipelle suction device, to diagnose cancer, hyperplasia, and abnormal bleeding.

Oct 20, 2026

Endometrial serous adenocarcinoma

Endometrial serous adenocarcinoma (uterine serous carcinoma, ESC) is an aggressive type II endometrial cancer, 3–10% of cases, defined by TP53 mutation, p53-abnormal molecular class, deep myometrial invasion, and poor survival.

Endometrial small cell carcinoma

Endometrial small cell carcinoma (ICD-11 2C76.41) is a rare, aggressive neuroendocrine cancer of the uterine lining, about 0.8% of endometrial carcinomas, diagnosed by van Hoeven criteria and neuroendocrine markers, with poor prognosis.

Endometrial stromal sarcoma

Endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS), low-grade and high-grade, is a rare malignant uterine stromal tumor, about 15–20% of uterine sarcomas, defined by JAZF1-SUZ12 or YWHAE-NUTM2A/B fusions, treated by hysterectomy plus hormonal therapy.

Endometrioid adenocarcinoma of ovary

Endometrioid adenocarcinoma of ovary (ovarian endometrioid carcinoma, ICD-11 2C73.01): an epithelial ovarian cancer resembling endometrial adenocarcinoma, about 10% of primary ovarian carcinomas, endometriosis-associated, low grade, favorable prognosis.